A.3.6 Chi-Square Distribution
因為我的機器學習課本寫得很簡略,所以關於更詳細的 Chi-Square Distribution 內容我會寫在「補充:Chi-Square Distribution」,可按需要參考,而這篇筆記的內容就只會包含課本的簡略版。
定義
如果 是 independent unit normal random variables(i.e. ),則:
為 chi-square with degrees of freedom,即
也就是說:
如果我們有一個 random variable ,它是 個彼此獨立,且皆具 standard normal distribution 的 random variables 的和,那我們就說 是 chi square,且有 degrees of freedom。
standard normal distribution 即 pdf 為 normal distribution 的 pdf 且 、。
特性
mean, variance
chi-square distribution 的 mean 和 variance 為:
standard normal random variable 的個數 degree of freedom 數
chi-squared distribution from normal-distributed sample
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wiki 的寫法或許比較清楚:
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課本並沒有給證明,所以我自己證了,可能沒有證得很漂亮,但步驟都有寫清楚:
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我的證法是計算出左邊的值,證明會等於右邊的 chi-square distribution with degrees of freedom。
步驟為:
- 先算 的 distribution(最後會用到)
- 算出
- 代入
- 將結果由 chi square distribution 的定義轉換成 chi-squared 的形式
各步驟詳細如下:
-
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3,4.
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最後 的理由如箭頭下方藍字說明,這個 property 課本沒有。反正大意就是:
如果你有一個 chi-square with degrees of freedom,你可以任意拆成一個 chi-square with degrees of freedom 和 chi-square with degrees of freedom 相加。
至於這個式子為什麼成立,我後來在同章後方的筆記「補充:random functions associated with normal distributions」中的 Thm 5.5-2 有更新,如果有興趣可以參考。