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    --- type: slide slideOptions: transition: slide allottedMinutes: 30 --- # 我的理財觀 Phate 2022 ---- ## 大綱 - 現金有甚麼問題? - 資產、風險、報酬 - 買房?買股? - 擇股擇時的難度 - ETF - 開戶 - 買賣成本 - 額度與當沖權限 - 甚麼時候開始 --- # 現金有甚麼問題? ---- ![](https://i.imgur.com/xqV1EfP.png) Raymond Dalio, Bridgewater Associates [[1]](https://youtu.be/HHav9ZFOhus)[[2]](https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/21/ray-dalio-at-davos-cash-is-trash-as-everybody-wants-in-on-the-2020-market.html)[[3]](https://www.bridgewater.com/research-and-insights/the-all-weather-story) note: [1] Why Ray Dalio Says “Cash Is Trash” [2] CNBC - Ray Dalio says ‘cash is trash’ and advises investors hold a global, diversified portfolio [3] The All Weather Story ---- ## 現金價值會隨時間流失 ---- ## 2000 年 ![](https://i.imgur.com/nKnyNKI.png) ---- ## 2022 年 ![](https://i.imgur.com/nKnyNKI.png) ---- ## 真的有一樣嗎? [Consumer Price Index (CPI)](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/consumerpriceindex.asp) [CPI by category](https://www.bls.gov/charts/consumer-price-index/consumer-price-index-by-category.htm) ---- ![](https://i.imgur.com/rD3VGqy.png) [台灣-消費者物價指數 CPI 年增率](https://www.macromicro.me/collections/12/tw-price-relative/112/tw-cpi) ---- ![](https://i.imgur.com/vT6J0PX.png =700x500) [美國-消費者物價指數 CPI](https://www.macromicro.me/charts/10/cpi) [PCE](https://www.macromicro.me/collections/5/us-price-relative/25/pce-price)(房租比重小) ---- ### [Turkey CPI 2022/5 YoY ≈ 70%](https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/EN/TCMB+EN/Main+Menu/Statistics/Inflation+Data/Consumer+Prices) ![](https://i.imgur.com/SpmED2R.png =700x500) [[1]](https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-61650455) note: [1] Zimbabwe toe-selling 'joke' misses the mark in Nigeria ---- ## 財產增速 > 購買力流失 50 塊飲料下個月漲價變 55 塊 不是 +5 是 +10% --- # 資產 ---- - [貴金屬、原物料](https://tradingeconomics.com/commodities) - [酒](https://www.liv-ex.com/news-insights/indices/)、[藝術品](https://www.sothebys.com/en/the-sothebys-mei-moses-indices)、[LEGO](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0275531921001604) - [債券](https://app.koyfin.com/gyld) - [房](https://www.macromicro.me/collections/7/us-housing-relative/23669/us-reits-etf-stock-price) - [股票](https://www.tradingview.com/chart/SFgKiCN8/?symbol=SP%3ASPX) - [加密貨幣](https://www.buybitcoinworldwide.com/treasuries/) [[1]](https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3813202)[[2]](https://youtu.be/ay3tqz_81h4) note: [1] 各類資產在歷史上八次高通膨時期表現 [2] 清流君-【打敗通膨】股債雙殺,高通貨膨脹下的投資 ---- ## 先想風險 #### 再看報酬 ---- ## 風險溢酬 [Risk Premium](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/riskpremium.asp) [美股韭菜王 - Street 常用的 CAPM](https://www.facebook.com/ChivesKing/posts/pfbid02iCHWbKWzDUN9pmM7QkW98RzXzBNQ4zLEkhWfvySJR7sA2R7x2HYRu1mSBrc8tagpl?comment_id=1064659030832591) ---- ## 無風險利率 [Risk-Free Asset](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/riskfreeasset.asp) [Sharpe Ratio](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/sharperatio.asp) [关于利率,你需要知道的那些事儿](https://youtu.be/u3Q9BpZOhP8) [Howard Marks談風險@華頓商學院](https://hackmd.io/@phate/BJxyAaH_5) ---- ![](https://i.imgur.com/NLj0wjB.png) US10Y ≈ 3% [src](https://app.koyfin.com/gyld) [[1]](https://www.macromicro.me/collections/34/us-stock-relative/3775/ted-spread)[[2]](https://youtu.be/wlrzQjiprbA)[[3]](https://www.cnbc.com/2022/05/10/bitcoin-btc-investors-panic-as-terrausd-ust-sinks-below-1-peg.html)[[4]](https://www.treasurydirect.gov/) note: [1] 美國-TED利差 3 個月期美元與公債利差 [2] 啾啾鞋 「博達科技掏空案」 [3] 穩定幣的擔保品 [4] 美國財政局讓美國個人投資者直接從美國政府購買諸如國庫券等國庫券 ---- ![](https://i.imgur.com/wqkdMZV.png) [src](https://finance.technews.tw/2020/03/23/3-stock-crashes-in-the-past-10-years/) [wiki](https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/2011%E5%B9%B4%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%82%B5%E5%8B%99%E4%B8%8A%E9%99%90%E5%8D%B1%E6%A9%9F) ---- ## 下次看到 APY 超高的東西要 ### 先想風險再想報酬 ![](https://i.imgur.com/3jtiTHI.png) ---- ## 高報酬一定來自高風險 ### 承受高風險一定有高報酬? --- # 買房?買股? ---- ## 房產 高槓桿、資金便宜 低流動性 單身 [租屋?買房?](https://www.facebook.com/azizi.Lin/posts/pfbid0tDoFs7QVFQdaryKhLXNrB6podBYaWp6VshFsiAE1yoQL2ckXDzUjG7vsFJJptrhfl) ---- ## 房價指數 中古屋 - [信義房價指數](https://www.macromicro.me/collections/15/tw-housing-relative/361/sinyi-house-price-index-taiwan) 新屋 - [國泰房價指數](https://www.macromicro.me/collections/15/tw-housing-relative/152/cathay-house-price-index-yoy) ---- ## 股票是好選擇嗎? ![](https://i.imgur.com/8V6fUp5.png =600x400) [美國-聯準會總資產規模與GDP占比](https://www.macromicro.me/charts/1244/us-fed-assets-ngdp) [實質利率 vs. 黃金](https://www.macromicro.me/charts/724/3month-bond-real-yield-gold-price) ---- ## 為甚麼十年前不買比特幣 ![](https://i.imgur.com/cbCqQ2g.jpg =700x500) [src](https://twitter.com/Nostranomist/status/1396677515742105600) ---- ### 52w Maximum Drawdown ![](https://i.imgur.com/W4R8H8J.jpg =600x500) 截至 [2022-6-2](https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=551948682956431&set=a.258716148946354) ---- ``` mermaid pie showData title Market Capitalization (trillion) "NYSE" : 26.2 "NASDAQ" : 19.4 "Crypto" : 1.1 ``` [[1]](https://www.macromicro.me/charts/33112/cryptocurrency-total-market-cap)[[2]](https://www.tradingview.com/x/DzNl3tAb/) note: [1] 加密貨幣市值 [2] btc.d ---- ### 銀行貸款看的財力證明 ![](https://i.imgur.com/zy4IPvU.png =600x500) 薪資所得>不動產>動產=股票、基金 [more](https://www.facebook.com/DreamLoanTaiwan/posts/pfbid02678qcEQjqR7WyxpfBWdkWXUY3ky4gy5ULdR4JAJnpsvddSjHBdDUhAPqXkh1xogzl) --- # 選股與擇時的難度 ---- 發生金融危機 富比士億萬富翁 公司營收全市場最高 對金融市場的理解比你好 「景氣比大家想像壞三倍」 多?空? ---- ![](https://i.imgur.com/yrU15mu.png) ---- ## 打敗大盤容易嗎? ![](https://i.imgur.com/J9ihlEt.png) CAGR ≈ 9% [src](https://www.yuanta-etfadvisor.com/map/chart?area=80008d7a-64b7-450c-9b96-49d7bf712b34&staticCategoryName=MarketIndex&product1=fcabdd7f-4618-4549-afc3-04726d7b5b3b&product2=) note: 一般回測商品或指數的歷史資料會用含息報酬的價格 美國部分券商有股息再投入服務 ---- ### Berkshire Hathaway ![](https://i.imgur.com/oEO8723.png =800x450) CAGR ≈ 18% [IRR & CAGR](https://rich01.com/what-is-cagr/#%E5%B9%B4%E5%9D%87%E8%A4%87%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E9%95%B7%E7%8E%87CAGR%E5%92%8C%E5%85%A7%E9%83%A8%E5%A0%B1%E9%85%AC%E7%8E%87IRR%E6%9C%89%E4%BB%80%E9%BA%BC%E4%B8%8D%E5%90%8C%EF%BC%9F) Note: 巴菲特 2007 年的十年賭注 ---- ## 市場指數 ![](https://i.imgur.com/p4xlMXR.png) [[1]](https://www.taiwanindex.com.tw/index/history/TW50)[[2]](https://companiesmarketcap.com/)[[3]](https://www.facebook.com/watanabe101/posts/pfbid02ycoNUVp1xUCt7pMog5i8ui788fVTGxNZvUVMyHNgj4fEDPWd4D3WjB2Wc7tbLMkYl) note: [1] 台灣50指數 [2] Largest Companies by Market Cap [3] 推動整體市場與汰弱留強 ---- ### 台股沒有全市場 ETF ![](https://i.imgur.com/jvQbGxA.png) [src](https://youtu.be/5-HYAMZ9dvI) [清流君-台股 ETF 在全市場的市值佔比](https://www.facebook.com/InvestYourLifeActively/posts/pfbid02jqozcK1w45DeryWKCTTQXgjkTJT5kz5MKpJ6bqoXhfVTTtFHKiuv52ARJhUeCAA8l) ---- ### 投資股市大盤的風險 ![](https://i.imgur.com/SiBazCe.png =400x600) ---- ### 單一個股風險 2020/12 旭富藥廠火災後下跌四成 ![](https://i.imgur.com/ZimlZEa.png =700x400) [Gamma - 「買一間好公司長期持有」是一種危險的懶人思考法](https://gamma.to/notes/zLrSdFjf8E5eBg0O57aA) note: 大家都說老闆有誠信 每年都發股利 2008 年至 2020 年高點 CAGR ≈ 13% ---- [彼得·林奇 - 1994年](https://youtu.be/DNllyjjRWTc) {%youtube DNllyjjRWTc %} note: 「大部分的人都不知道為甚麼買入股票」 --- # ETF Exchange Traded Fund ---- ## ETF 的原理 直接在股票市場交易多種類型商品 [[1]](https://youtu.be/aEdCy1Mg2Kg)[[2]](https://youtu.be/oJdeg597YhE) note: 發行商、AP、申購、贖回 ---- ### 境內基金統計資料 ![](https://i.imgur.com/of7LsQa.png) [src](https://www.sitca.org.tw/ROC/Industry/IN2001.aspx?PGMID=IN0201) ---- ## 與共同基金相比 交易簡單 AP 確保不會有長期折溢價 ---- ## 分析 ETF 的幾個重點 ---- ### 資產組合 ![](https://i.imgur.com/zCmvYY7.png) ![](https://i.imgur.com/zFVl7Fc.png) ---- ### 內扣費用其實可能比你想的多 ![](https://i.imgur.com/7c1yXyd.png) note: 006208 現金申購與 0050 不同 ---- ### 總內扣費用 會計帳列(管理費、保管費、其它費用) + 交易成本(手續費、交易稅) [基金各項費用比率](https://www.sitca.org.tw/ROC/Industry/IN2211.aspx?pid=IN2222_01) ---- ### 2021 年基金全年總內扣費用 | 名稱代號 | 交易成本 | 會計帳列 | 總內扣 | | -------- | -------- | -------- | -------- | | 0050 | 0.03% | 0.42% | 0.46% | | 006208 | 0.12% | 0.24% | 0.35% | | 00885 | 0.46% | 1% | 1.47% | | 台新印度基金 | 1.9% | 2.26%+4.09% | 8.25%| [綠角-內扣成本](https://www.facebook.com/GreenHornFans/posts/pfbid0TiYBUpvbHdp7dGKmDK5bxY1vJh8B78yhZNffWAnh4pU7yUJjwW75m7m34A25FWdsl) [照72法則多1%的投資成本,要延後幾年退休?](https://www.facebook.com/GreenHornFans/posts/pfbid02amru7ZAjnDvkHK1fdUXSJzCEB6po64k99fAM2sKyCCBsFvvJrcoj9RLLJKRcAcp8l) ---- ### 被動型 ETF 其他選擇 | Vanguard ETF | Expense Ratio | 範圍 | | -------- | -------- | -------- | | [VT](https://etfdb.com/etf/VT/) | 0.07% | 全球市場 | | [VTI](https://etfdb.com/etf/VTI/) | 0.03% | 全美市場 | | [VOO](https://etfdb.com/etf/VOO/) | 0.03% | S&P 500 | | [BND](https://etfdb.com/etf/BND/) | 0.03% | 美國國債 | | [BNDW](https://etfdb.com/etf/BNDW/) | 0.06% | 全球國債(BND、BNDX 各半) | 目前台灣各家券商複委託手續費正在大屠殺 ---- ### BlackRock iShare 基金 股債自動平衡 ETF ![](https://i.imgur.com/BNKQL20.png) [src](https://www.ishares.com/us/literature/product-brief/ishares-core-esg-allocation-brief.pdf) ---- ## 股債真的能對沖風險嗎? ![](https://i.imgur.com/5dGIENy.jpg =700x500) [[1]](https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=5771655036181366&set=a.230357060311219)[[2]](https://twitter.com/biancoresearch/status/1518233484413837312) ---- ### 注意長期持有的 ETF 有追蹤誤差狀況 ![](https://i.imgur.com/H6RBcXH.png) [src](https://www.facebook.com/GreenHornFans/photos/a.175142302515536/4863131633716556/) --- ## 開戶 ### 先搞懂遊戲規則 ---- ### 買賣成本 ![](https://i.imgur.com/5HRshJC.png) [src](https://rich01.com/stock-commission-fee/) 券商服務品質 >>> 手續費折扣 note: 一百萬交易量原價手續費 2850 元,六折與三折只差不到九百塊。 ---- ### 上班時間跟台股開盤時間重疊 選擇有追蹤單的券商 --- ### 限制額度與打開當沖權限 避免肥手指付不出交割款 :::danger 絕對不要違約交割 ::: note: 1. T+2 買賣後兩天交割戶才會異動。 2. T+0 賣出當天盤後撥款,要付利息。 3. 美股多數券商是看現金購買力。 ---- ### 注意掛單方式 例如常出現用漲停溢價買入境外 ETF 的烏龍 - [[新聞] 買18元零股竟用近1萬元成交!](https://www.ptt.cc/bbs/Stock/M.1654219236.A.71A.html) - [富邦全球高收債](https://www.facebook.com/jetleenotes/posts/pfbid0LB9pDcVQqyH9VWy7zYSqmNhhYhfcoMWgRy4EkY7Uj7KHab7Lbu5FvjqjGgTWevsBl) ---- ## 甚麼時候開始 ---- ![](https://i.imgur.com/NSPK83O.png) [src](https://www.facebook.com/jetleenotes/photos/a.101596811208007/771788837522131/) ---- 唯一的答案就是 ### 現在 ![](https://i.imgur.com/S2AZIAe.jpg =500x500) ---- ### 投資自己也是一個選擇 [你要如何投資自己的人生?](https://freddy-chen.com/2019/07/12/invest-in-you-life/) --- - [資源清單](https://hackmd.io/hEjoallyQjiETJNFa0oi_Q) - [定錨產業筆記](https://investanchors.com/) - [林明樟-用生活常識就能看懂財務報表](https://play.google.com/store/books/details/%E6%9E%97%E6%98%8E%E6%A8%9F_%E7%94%A8%E7%94%9F%E6%B4%BB%E5%B8%B8%E8%AD%98%E5%B0%B1%E8%83%BD%E7%9C%8B%E6%87%82%E8%B2%A1%E5%8B%99%E5%A0%B1%E8%A1%A8?id=X52-CwAAQBAJ) - [Peter Lynch - One Up On Wall Street](https://www.books.com.tw/products/F010109016) ----

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