206.17林易辰
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    # 陣列練習題目與解答 C++程式碼由社長提供 Python由教學:羅浚原、甘育銘提供 命名跟寫法可能有些醜ww 程式可以有很多解法,僅供參考 ## [a022 迴文](https://zerojudge.tw/ShowProblem?problemid=a022) ### 題解: 將字串反轉後和原本比較,就能知道字串是否為回文 所以目標是將字串反轉 ``` aabca -> acbaa ``` 反轉的方式是用 `(n-1) - 索引值`的能得到相反的索引 | Index | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | | ----------- | --- | --- | --- | --- |:--- | | n -1 -index | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | C++: ```Cpp= #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { string s; cin >> s; bool ans = true; for(int i=0;i<s.length();i++){ if(s[i] != s[ s.length()-1 -i ]){ ans = false; } } //for(int i=0;i<s.length()/2;i++){ // if(s[i] != s[ s.length()-1 -i ]){ // ans = false; // } //} if(ans){ cout << "yes" << endl; }else{ cout << "no" << endl; } return 0; //補充三元運算# cout << 判斷? "True" : "False" << endl; } ``` Python: ```python= s=input() n = len(s) for i in range(n // 2): if s[i] != s[n - i - 1]: return False return True #更簡單的寫法 a=input() b="".join(reversed(a)) if a==b: print("yes") else: print("no") #更更簡單的寫法 s=input() if(s==s[::-1]): print("yes") else: print("no") # 補充三元運算: print("yes" if s == s[::-1] else "no") # print( "True" if 判斷 else "False" ) ``` ## [g275 APCS1.七言對聯](https://zerojudge.tw/ShowProblem?problemid=g275) ### 題解: 先將輸入儲存成陣列,兩個一維or一個二維都可,這邊先用一維 分別對題目的三個規則寫判斷式 要注意題目判斷式是判斷`沒有違規` 而判斷`有違規`就輸出比較好寫 所以判斷語句要相反 ( != -> == ; and -> or) C++: ```cpp= #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int main(){ int n; cin >> n; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++){ int l1[7] = {0}; int l2[7] = {0}; for (int j = 0; j < 7; j++){ cin >> l1[j]; } for (int j = 0; j < 7; j++){ cin >> l2[j]; } string s = ""; if( l1[1] == l1[3] || l1[1] != l1[5] || l2[1] == l2[3] || l2[1] != l2[5] ){ s += "A"; } if ( l1[6] != 1 || l2[6] != 0 ){ s += "B"; } if(l1[1] == l2[1] || l1[3] == l2[3] || l1[5] == l2[5] ){ s += "C"; } if(s.empty()){ s = "None"; } cout << s << endl; } } ``` Python: ```python= n = int(input()) for _ in range(n): l1 = list(map(int, input().split())) l2 = list(map(int, input().split())) s = "" if l1[1] == l1[3] or l1[1] != l1[5] or l2[1] == l2[3] or l2[1] != l2[5]: s += "A" if l1[6] != 1 or l2[6] != 0: s += "B" if l1[1] == l2[1] or l1[3] == l2[3] or l1[5] == l2[5]: s += "C" if not s: s = "None" print(s) ``` ## [d673 No Problem](https://zerojudge.tw/ShowProblem?problemid=d673) ### 題解: 測資有多筆,所以要在最外層寫while來收測資,並記錄 Case:`X` 儲存所剩下的題目數量 ``` 判斷: 如果 剩下的問題數 大於 當前月份所需,代表:D,所剩題目數 -= 當前需求 如果 剩下的問題數 小於 當前月份所需,代表:( ``` ```mermaid flowchart TD X@{ shape: stadium, label: "程式開始" } --> A A@{ shape: rounded, label: "i = 0" } --> B{判斷目前月份所需} B -->|剩下問題數 >= 目前月份所需| C[輸出 :D] B -->|剩下問題數 < 目前月份所需| D["輸出 :("] C --> E[所剩題目數 -= 目前需求] D --> F["i += 1"] E --> F F{"i < 12"} -->|True| B F -->|False| G@{ shape: stadium, label: "程式結束" } ``` #### 法一: 迴圈每個月時 先剩下題目數 += **上**個月產生的題目 後判斷 #### 法二: 先判斷 後剩下題目數 += **這**個月產生的題目 > 補充: > 由於計算需求是 當前剩下題目、上個月產生題目、當前消耗題目 > 所以可以在輸入消耗時同時進行運算 > 可節省再寫一次for迴圈的時間 :::spoiler C++ ```cpp= #include <iostream> #include <math.h> using namespace std; int main() { int s; //所剩下的題目數量 int case_num = 1; while (cin >> s) { if (s < 0) break; cout << "Case " << case_num++ << ":" << "\n"; int problem[12],need; for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++) cin >> problem[i]; for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++) { cin >> need; if (i>0){ s += problem[i-1]; } if (s >= need){ cout << "No problem! :D" << endl; s -= need; } else cout << "No problem. :(" << endl; } } return 0; } ``` ::: Python: ```python= t = 0 while True: try: first = int(input()) if first < 0 : break t+= 1 q = list(map(int,input().split())) n = list(map(int, input().split())) canuse = first print(f"Case {t}:") for i in range(12): if canuse >= n[i]: print("No problem! :D") if n[i] > 0: canuse -= n[i] else: print("No problem. :(") canuse += q[i] except: break ``` ## [b367 翻轉世界](https://zerojudge.tw/ShowProblem?problemid=b367) 上課沒講到的題目 ### 題解: 從題目範例可以知道 左上轉到右下 中上轉到中下 右上轉到左下 可以發現,當矩陣用二維陣列`[i][j]`表示時 `新[n-1 - i][n-1 - j] = 舊[i][j] ` `n-1 - i` 的原理和回文相同 C++: ```cpp= #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { int n; cin >> n; while(n--){ int N,M; cin >> N >> M; int board[N][M]; for(int i=0;i<N;i++){ for(int j=0;j<M;j++){ cin >> board[i][j]; } } bool ans = true; for(int i=0;i<N;i++){ for(int j=0;j<M;j++){ if (board[i][j] != board[N-1-i][M-1-j] ){ ans = false; } } } if (ans) cout << "go forward" << endl; else cout << "keep defending" << endl; } return 0; } ``` Python: ```python= t = int(input()) for _ in range(t): n, m = map(int, input().split()) board = [list(map(int, input().split())) for _ in range(n)] ans = True for i in range(n): for j in range(m): if board[i][j] != board[n - 1 - i][m - 1 - j]: ans = False break if not ans: break print("go forward" if ans else "keep defending") ``` ## [b965 2016 APCS 2.矩陣翻轉 (較難)](https://zerojudge.tw/ShowProblem?problemid=b965) 標籤: 模擬、二維陣列 注意題目敘述為**從結果反推回初始,不要做反了** 建立函式來分別處理 旋轉、翻轉 上課時把 i 跟 j 搞反了sorry~ ### 題解 #### **旋轉**: ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/SkE1bSR0gx.png) 遇到複雜的陣列轉換 * 先把索引值畫出來 * 一次看一排來處理 * 觀察i跟j有什麼規律 以下為翻轉規律 ``` 新[i][j] = 舊[j][c-1 - i] ``` **怎麼知道的呢?** 首先先認知我們要兩層for迴圈才能變換二維陣列 所以有i (0~r-1) ,j (0~c-1) 舉例這些情況 i = 0 , j = 0,1,2 i = 1 , j = 0,1,2 可以把圖片中寫出的[][]中數字帶換成i跟j 當i=0時(圖中左邊畫底線情況) 0,1,2很直覺知道是j 而有一排都是1,可以觀察到他是相反於i的數字(就是 c-1 - i) **怎麼知道他是相反於i ?** 想想i=1時他會變什麼 就是 [0][0]、[1][0]、[2][0] ,是0,也是相反於i 有規律之後就能轉換了 最後最後記得把 r跟c 交換,原因由圖片能看出 #### **翻轉**: 翻轉比旋轉簡單多了 和前面想法一樣,試著自己想看看吧 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/B1McBSAAle.png) C++: ```cpp= #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; // 旋轉 vector<vector<int>> A (vector<vector<int>> b,int r,int c){ vector<vector<int>> a(c,vector<int>(r,0)); for (int i = 0; i < c; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < r; j++) { a[i][j] = b[j][c-1-i]; } } return a; } // 翻轉 vector<vector<int>> B (vector<vector<int>> b,int r,int c){ vector<vector<int>> a(r,vector<int>(c,0)); for (int i = 0; i < r; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < c; j++) { a[i][j] = b[r-1-i][j]; } } return a; } int main(){ int r,c,m; cin >> r >> c >> m; vector<vector<int>> b(r,vector<int>(c,0)); int mks[m] = {0}; for (int i = 0; i < r; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < c; j++) { cin >> b[i][j]; } } for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) { int mk; cin >> mks[i]; } for (int i = m-1; i >=0; i--) { // cout << i << endl; if (mks[i] == 0){ b = A(b,r,c); int t = r; r = c; c = t; } else{ b = B(b,r,c); } } cout << r << " " << c << endl; for (int i = 0; i < r; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < c; j++) { cout << b[i][j]; if (j != c-1){ cout << " "; } } cout << endl; } } ``` Python: ```python= def flip(n): return n[::-1] def spin(n): ri = len(n[0]) ci = len(n) ni = [[0 for _ in range(ci)] for _ in range(ri)] for i in range(ci): for j in range(ri): ni[ri-1-j][i]= n[i][j] return ni r, c, m = map(int, input().split()) n = [] for i in range(r): n.append(list(map(int, input().split()))) p = list(map(int, input().split())) p = p[::-1] for k in p: if k == 1: n = flip(n) else: n = spin(n) print(len(n), len(n[0])) for k in n: print(*k) ``` # 更多進階題(APCS三級分) **有興趣自行練習** ## [k732. 2. 特殊位置](https://zerojudge.tw/ShowProblem?problemid=k732) C++ ```cpp= #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int main(){ int n, m; cin >> n >> m; int board[n][m] = {}; vector<int> ans; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < m;j++){ cin >> board[i][j]; } } for (int i = 0; i < n;i++){ for (int j = 0; j < m;j++){ int sum_num = 0; for (int k = 0; k < n;k++){ for (int l = 0; l < m;l++){ // cout << " " << (abs(i - k) + abs(j - l)) << endl; // cout <<" " << board[i][j] << endl; if ((abs(i - k) + abs(j - l)) <= board[i][j]) sum_num += board[k][l]; } } // cout << sum_num << endl; if (sum_num % 10 == board[i][j]) { ans.push_back(i); ans.push_back(j); } // cout << i <<" "<< j << endl; } } cout << ans.size()/2 << endl; for (int i = 0; i < ans.size(); i += 2) { cout << ans[i] << " " << ans[i + 1] << endl; } } ``` ## [m932. 2. 蜜蜂觀察](https://zerojudge.tw/ShowProblem?problemid=m932) ```cpp= #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int main(){ int n, m, k; cin >> n >> m >> k; char l[n][m]; for (int i = 0; i < n;i++){ string t; cin >> t; for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) { l[i][j] = t[j]; } } int x = 0, y = n - 1; set<char> type_set; for (int i = 0; i < k;i++){ int a; cin >> a; if (a == 0){ if (y-1>=0 && y-1 < n) y -= 1; }else if (a==1){ if (x+1>=0 && x+1 < m) x += 1; }else if (a==2){ if (x+1>=0 && x+1 < m && y+1>=0 && y+1 < n){ x += 1; y += 1; } }else if (a==3){ if (y+1>=0 && y+1 < n) y += 1; }else if (a==4){ if (x-1>=0 && x-1 < m) x -= 1; }else if (a==5){ if (x-1>=0 && x-1 < m && y-1>=0 && y-1 < n){ x -= 1; y -= 1; } } cout << l[y][x]; // cout << y << " " << x << endl; type_set.insert(l[y][x]); } cout << endl; cout << type_set.size() << endl; } ``` ## [o077. 2. 電子畫布](https://zerojudge.tw/ShowProblem?problemid=o077 ) ```cpp= #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int main(){ int n,m; cin >> n >> m; int list[n][m] = {0}; int ans = 0; vector<pair<int,int>> anslist; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) { cin >> list[i][j]; } } for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) { int s = 0; for (int a = 0; a < n; a++) { for (int b = 0; b < m; b++) { int dis = abs(i-a) + abs(j-b); if (dis <= list[i][j]){ s += list[a][b]; } } } // cout << "log: "<< i << " "<<j << " " <<s << endl; if (s%10 == list[i][j]){ ans ++; // cout << i << " " << j << endl; anslist.push_back(make_pair(i,j)); } } } cout << ans << endl; sort(anslist.begin(),anslist.end()); for(auto i : anslist){ cout << i.first << " " <<i.second << endl; } } ```

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