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    --- title: Kruskal演算法 tags: 演算法 description: 簡述使用Kruskal演算法獲得最小生成樹 --- # Kruskal演算法 Kruskal演算法是一種可以求得最小生成樹的方法。 邏輯上是一種greedy式的求法,從權重最小的邊開始連線,並在途中避免環的產生,最後出來的結果就會是最小生成樹。 ## 作法 1. 首先先將所有邊按照權重排序 2. 依序將邊連接起來,若是連接後會形成環則回溯並拋棄這條邊,並往下一條繼續檢查 3. 將所有邊檢查依序檢查完畢後,所有連接的樹理論上為最小生成樹 ## 範例 我們以這張圖作為範例 ![1 (1)](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/H10QWXlhR.png) 首先我們將所有邊以點對的形式,依權重大小排序 ``` 3-5 1 1-3 2 4-5 2 1-7 3 2-4 3 6-7 3 5-6 4 1-2 5 2-3 7 1-6 10 ``` 接著按照權重的排序,由小到大將邊連起來 ![1](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/ry8LwXghR.png) 接著可以將邊標記為確定使用 ``` 3-5 1 V 1-3 2 4-5 2 1-7 3 2-4 3 6-7 3 5-6 4 1-2 5 2-3 7 1-6 10 ``` ![1 (3)](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/Sy0TPQghR.png) 繼續重複前一個操作,以下就只放圖省略紀錄 ``` 3-5 1 V 1-3 2 V 4-5 2 1-7 3 2-4 3 6-7 3 5-6 4 1-2 5 2-3 7 1-6 10 ``` ![1 (4)](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/ryYAD7x20.png) ![1 (5)](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/S1zyuQxnC.png) ![1 (7)](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/rkPZdme30.png) ![1 (8)](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HJTWOQenA.png) 連到這裡之後我們會發現 再往下的`5-6 4`連接之後會形成環 那此時我們就不要將這條邊連起來,而紀錄上則標記為不使用 ``` 3-5 1 V 1-3 2 V 4-5 2 V 1-7 3 V 2-4 3 V 6-7 3 V 5-6 4 X 1-2 5 2-3 7 1-6 10 ``` 以此類推,往下的都沒辦法使用了,將可用的邊連之後,所產生的圖即為最小生成樹了。 ## 練習 ## reference > [link text](https:// "title") > [name=Miyago]

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