資安導論期中題庫 What is the main difference between HASH and MAC? A MAC based on HASH is called HMAC. Please show the formula of HMAC or draw the structure of HMAC.
Hash與MAC有何主要差異?以Hash為主的MAC稱為HMAC,請列出HMAC的式子或畫出其架構
Hash 只是單純將任意長度的資料輸出成固定長度,但 MAC 除了 Hash 的特性外還另外有一把私鑰,私鑰雙方持有可以驗證訊息的完整性
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What are the purposes of message digest algorithms, such as MD5, SHA? Give three kinds of uses.
訊息摘要演算法,例如MD5與SHA,可以拿來作何用途?請舉三例
確保訊息完整性
檔案校驗
儲存不需要還原的資料
What is the RSA’s security based on? ECC’s security based on? Explain them.
RSA的安全性是基於甚麼性質? ECC的安全性又是基於甚麼性質?
RSA:大數因數分解
ECC:EC橢圖曲線上離散對數
Please list at least five requirements of a secure Hash Function.
訊息摘要演算法必須滿足若干條件,請列舉其中5項
可以用在任何長度的資料
可以產生固定長度的輸出
輸出無法回推輸入
無法找到一對 (x,y) 使得 Hash(x) = Hash(y)
給任意 x,Hash(x) 都很好算
Hash 的輸出須滿足標準偽隨機測試
Supposedly a message can be divided into L blocks in MD5 algorithm. What do CV0, CVq, and CVL mean, respectively?
在MD5演算法中假設訊息可以被分為L塊,請問CV0, CVq, and CVL各代表甚麼意義?
CV0:初始向量
CVq:是
的摘要
CVL:整個訊息的摘要
Describe how to generate a pair of public key and private key in RSA algorithm?
說明如何產生RSA的一對公私鑰
隨意選擇兩個大的質數
和
,
不等於
,計算
根據歐拉函數,求得
選擇一個小於
的整數
,使
與
互質。並求得
關於
的模反元素,命名為
(求
令
)。(模反元素存在,若且唯若
與
互質)
將
和
的記錄銷毀。
In RSA algorithm, why do we need the constraint “M<n” where M is the message and n is the system parameter?(If remove the constraint, what happens)
RSA中為何需要有“M<n”的限制?
如果沒有這樣的約束(M < n),那麼不同的 M 可以產生相同的餘數(密文)。 這意味著當你做解密時,你不知道哪一個是明文
How does RSA work with DES to encrypt a large message?
RSA如何跟傳統加密法DES合作,以加密一個很大檔案
用RSA加密DES的金鑰,然後用DES來加密檔案
Find the multiplicative inverse of 45 mod 238.
找出45的乘法反元素, 模數是238
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p = 7, q = 11, e = 13, M = 5
說明如何執行RSA加密與解密
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How can RSA be applied to do digital signatures?
如何利用RSA來做簽章?
到目前為止,我們使用 RSA 進行加密/解密。
但是,也可以應用 RSA 來簽署文件(e.g 數位簽名)
傳送端用私鑰簽章後傳送,接收端用傳送端的公鑰來解密,確認是否是本人傳送的
試算7 1998 mod 5 = ?
How to let sender get the recipient’s public key?
如何讓傳送端知道接收端的公鑰?以便可以進行加密運算以保護機密
公鑰會被放入證書中,透過 SSL/TLS 傳給發送者
(a) What is P+Q?
(b) What is 2Q? //hint:2Q=Q+Q
使用下面公式計算 (a) P+Q 之座標 (b) 2Q之座標 //提示: 2Q=Q+Q
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好
a. Find Alice’s public key
.
b. Bob wishes to encrypt the message
= (10, 9) and chooses the random value k = 3 Determine the ciphertext
.
c. Show the calculation by which Alice recovers Pm from
.
7G=G+G+G+G+G+G+G(代橢圓曲線公式)
所有加減乘都代上一題的公式
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