# Python Magic Method List | Python 魔術方法列表

[TOC]

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## Building Class | 構造類別

|Method Name|Symbol|Description|
|---|---|---|
|`__new__(cls, [...)`|`cls([...)`|構造|
|`__init__(self, [...)`|`self`|初始化|
|`__del__(self)`|`del self`|刪除|
|`__call__(self, [...)`|`self([...)`|調用自身|

## Attribute | 屬性

|Method Name|Symbol|Description|
|---|---|---|
|`__getattr__(self, key)`|`self.key`|調用屬性|
|`__setattr__(self, key, value)`|`self.key = value`|設定屬性|
|`__delattr__(self, key)`|`del self.key`|刪除屬性|

## Boolean Operation | 布林值

|Method Name|Symbol|Description|
|---|---|---|
|`__cmp__(self, other)`|` `||
|`__eq__(self, other)`|`self == other`|等於|
|`__ne__(self, other)`|`self != other`|不等於|
|`__lt__(self, other)`|`self < other`|小於|
|`__le__(self, other)`|`self <= other`|小於等於（不大於）|
|`__gt__(self, other)`|`self > other`|大於|
|`__ge__(self, other)`|`self >= other`|大於等於（不小於）|

## Math Operation | 數學運算符

|Method Name|Symbol|Description|
|---|---|---|
|`__add__(self, other)`|`self + other`|加|
|`__sub__(self, other)`|`self - other`|減|
|`__mul__(self, other)`|`self * other`|乘|
|`__truediv__(self, other)`|`self / other`|除|
|`__floordiv__(self, other)`|`self // other`|整除|
|`__mod__(self, other)`|`self % other`|求餘|
|`__divmod__(self, other)`|`divmod(self, other)`||
|`__pow__(self, other)`|`power(self, other) & self ** other`|次方|
|`__lshift__(self, other)`|`self << other`|左移|
|`__rshift__(self, other)`|`self >> other`|右移|
|`__and__(self, other)`|`self & other`|與|
|`__or__(self, other)`|`self \| other`|或|
|`__xor__(self, other)`|`self ^ other`|異或|

## Right Math Operation | 數學右運算符

|Method Name|Symbol|Description|
|---|---|---|
|`__radd__(self, other)`|`other + self`|被加|
|`__rsub__(self, other)`|`other - self`|被減|
|`__rmul__(self, other)`|`other * self`|被乘|
|`__rtruediv__(self, other)`|`other / self`|被除|
|`__rfloordiv__(self, other)`|`other // self`|被整除|
|`__rmod__(self, other)`|`other % self`|被求餘|
|`__rpow__(self, other)`|`other ** self`|被次方|
|`__rlshift__(self, other)`|`other << self`|被左移|
|`__rrshift__(self, other)`|`other >> self`|被右移|
|`__rand__(self, other)`|`other & self`|被與|
|`__ror__(self, other)`|`other \| self`|被或|
|`__rxor__(self, other)`|`other ^ self`|被異或|

## Assign Value Operation | 賦值數學運算符

|Method Name|Symbol|Description|
|---|---|---|
|`__iadd__(self, other)`|`self += other`|自加|
|`__isub__(self, other)`|`self -= other`|自減|
|`__imul__(self, other)`|`self *= other`|自乘|
|`__itruediv__(self, other)`|`self /= other`|自除|
|`__ifloordiv__(self, other)`|`self //= other`|自整除|
|`__imod__(self, other)`|`self %= other`|自求餘|
|`__ipow__(self, other)`|`self **= other`|自次方|
|`__ilshift__(self, other)`|`self <<= other`|自左移|
|`__irshift__(self, other)`|`self >>= other`|自右移|
|`__iand__(self, other)`|`self &= other`|自與|
|`__ior__(self, other)`|`self \|= other`|自或|
|`__ixor__(self, other)`|`self ^= other`|自異或|

## Unary Operation | 一元運算符

|Method Name|Symbol|Description|
|---|---|---|
|`__pos__(self)`|`+self`|正|
|`__neg__(self)`|`-self`|負|
|`__abs__(self)`|`abs(self)`|絕對值|
|`__invert__(self)`|`~self`|逆|

## Type Conversion | 類型轉換

|Method Name|Symbol|Description|
|---|---|---|
|`__complex__(self)`|`complex(self)`|複數|
|`__int__(self)`|`int(self)`|整數|
|`__float__(self)`|`float(self)`|浮點數|
|`__round__(self, n])`|`round(self, n])`|四捨五入|
|`__index__(self)`|1. <br>2. <br>3. |索引|
|`__repr__(self)`|`repr(self)`||
|`__bool__(self)`|`bool(self)`|布林值|
|`__str__(self)`|`str(self)`|字串|
|`__format__(self)`|`f"{}"`||

## Context Manage | 上下文管理器

|Method Name|Symbol|Description|
|---|---|---|
|`__enter__(self)`|1. <br>2. |進入上下文管理器|
|`__exit__(self, exctype, excvalue, trackback)`|1. <br>2. |退出上下文管理器|

## Container | 容器

|Method Name|Symbol|Description|
|---|---|---|
|`__len__(self)`|`len(self)`|容器長度|
|`__getitem__(self, key)`|`self[key]`|調用容器值|
|`__setitem__(self, key, value)`|`self[key] = value`|設定容器值|
|`__delitem__(self, key)`|`del self[key]`|刪除容器值|
|`__iter__(self)`|`iter(self)`|迭代容器|
|`__reversed__(self)`|`reversed(self)`|反轉容器|
|`__contains__(self, item)`|`item in self & item not in self`|在／不在容器裡|

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