# Next, EIP-4844 ###### tags: `thread` The next big goal of Ethereum after the merge is sharding (Danksharding) And because merge and sharding (including other upgrades of Ethereum) work in parallel, sharding has made a lot of progress ## Danksharding Danksharding is a new sharding design proposed by @dankrad that focuses on data availability rather than code execution This is a long-term upgrade goal of Ethereum, and its purpose is to further reduce the cost of Ethereum as a data settlement layer Rollups as a mid/long-term scaling solution for Ethereum, the cost will be further reduced after Danksharding ## EIP-4488 and EIP-4844 For the short term, there are mainly two proposals, namely EIP-4488 and EIP-4844👇 - EIP-4488 reduces the cost of calldata from 16 gas per byte to 3 gas per byte and limits the maximum calldata per block - EIP-4844 (Proto-Danksharding) proposes a new transaction type (blob-carrying transaction) Its role is similar to calldata, returning rollup batch data to Layer 1 for data availability, but because it is specially designed for rollups, it's larger and cheaper ![](https://i.imgur.com/7XJ72QX.png) ## EIP-4844: Proto-Danksharding Anyways, Danksharding and EIP-4844 are very interesting, and it mainly works with the consensus layer (i.e. Beacon Node), not the execution layer Blob is stored in Beacon Node, and future sharding is coordinated through Beacon Node too So it is very suitable to go deeper after understanding "the merge" (PoS and Beacon Chain) Because you need to be familiar with the post-merge architecture of Ethereum, Beacon Node's workflow, the validator mechanism, etc. EIP-4844 has made a lot of progress so far👇 - For example, the ongoing KZG ceremony requires only one honest participant to complete the trusted setup. Public contributions are expected to open in November 2022 (after @EFDevcon), when everyone can join the ceremony! - As well as the devnet that has been launched in recent days, users can build geth+prysm nodes (request ETH for [devnet](https://hackmd.io/@inphi/SJMXL1P6c)), build blobs, and upload them ![](https://i.imgur.com/1w5kVT7.png) ## Conclusions Eventually Danksharding will introduce data sharding based on EIP-4844, which is a more distant future ![](https://i.imgur.com/c99jgb6.png) In the end, the gas cost of rollups will be reduced by more than 100x, not to mention that we also have solutions such as Validium where DA is not on Ethereum (very suitable for applications that do not require all data to be on the chain) ![](https://i.imgur.com/TdVy2Bi.png) [Thread](https://twitter.com/LuozhuZhang/status/1573962972317491200?s=20&t=hf32T6kwnUQiTjAV1MfiLA)
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Account Abstraction: challenges and solutions

Motivation This document is about a discussion between the Ethereum team and AA wallet teams that were initiated by Vitalik. The AA team highlighted several issues they were currently facing. I have collected the topics and content of our discussions for internal review and learning (especially for zkEVM rollup-related parts). Critical Issues Multichain implementation The design goal of multichain AA wallet is to achieve address consistency and state (e.g. signing key, settings) consistency across multichain. 1. Address consistency across multichain

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Article draft: What it's like to be a homeless

Gratitude to Chee, Kim, Chen Wen Kang, Jason, Haichen, Andy, Mason, Aiko, Chris, Anthony, Cathy, Vitalik, and every incredible person encountered on this journey! Over the past year, I've embarked on a journey across various countries for work-related reasons and to satisfy my innate curiosity. While some might refer to this lifestyle as that of a "digital nomad" or "world citizen," I prefer a more understated term - "homeless." This inspired the title of today's article, in which I will discuss my experiences living without a fixed abode. My travels took me to three continents and six countries, each exciting and enlightening adventure. I shared some of these journeys with friends, while others I undertook alone, constantly forging connections with locals. These unique experiences gave me fresh perspectives and allowed me to witness people and places I would never have encountered. These extraordinary moments broadened my horizons and revealed our world's boundless diversity and possibilities. I am eager to share these experiences in this article, which also marks the beginning of my next great adventure. Starting from Vietnam ETH Vietnam

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Article draft: Current Ethereum

The background I was inspired to write this article by two people, CC and Vitalik. They agreed that the best way to learn Ethereum is to watch all core dev meetings and read the relevant meeting notes, hackmd docs, issues & PRs, and EIPs until you are clear on Ethereum's current roadmap, what are the concerns and worries of core devs, what is the role of each upgrade/EIP, etc. Besides that, I was inspired by the community. Ethereum has an excellent open source culture, you can see all the meeting videos on EF YouTube, and the agenda for future discussions in ethereum/pm (more, Tim and Kim's notes). The ethereum developers are doing their best to make the community understand the current upgrades and improvements to ethereum. So I think writing articles like this is valuable to the community!

4/13/2023
Outline: Ethereum's Consensus Protocol

What is Consensus Background The Byzantine Generals ProblemBackgroundBasic idea: abstract The background of consensus knowledge In a 1982 paper, Leslie Lamport What is it The army are divided into several generals Generals communicate only through messenger

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