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    # The Fusion and Verification of 2D Human Skeleton and 3D Point Cloud based on RealSense https://www.aris2023.org/authors 目前檔案(需下載才會正常顯試): https://1drv.ms/w/s!AnOehZg0eyFdgpEoimipGonBu7JIYQ?e=qk3PYO ### I. INTRODUCTION * 因應人機協作之實際場域應用,人體之3D座標資訊對於與機器的溝通實際上相當重要。為此,我們將透過realsense取得圖像中的RGB與深度資訊,將深度資訊融合至2D,融合成為3D資訊,~~以提升人體動作辨識準確度~~,亦可將點位資訊提供給協作機器,以提升人機協作之安全性。此外,基於5G環境下之快速傳輸,我們將以單點融合方法減少模型之運算量。(減少運算時間約15%->可拿5G學長做過的數據用) * 3D深度資訊將於此研究進行驗證。 * 相關研究1: RealSense * reasesense深度資訊驗證 * 為何使用D455(不同型號相機之優劣) * Realsense官方提供之深度驗證方法與誤差計算方式 https://github.com/IntelRealSense/librealsense/tree/master/tools/depth-quality * 相關研究2: 為何使用mediapip * MediaPipe Hands: On-device Real-time Hand Tracking https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.10214 * BlazePose: On-device Real-time Body Pose tracking https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.10204 * MediaPipe: A Framework for Building Perception Pipelines https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.08172 * 相關研究3: OpenGL介紹 * Interactive Computer Graphics: A top-down approach with OpenGL(被引用1024次) * Principles of Computer Graphics: Theory and Practice Using OpenGL and Maya®(被引用35次) * Visualization with OpenGL: 3D made easy(被引用18次,但是感覺很有機會可以放) ### II. Method: 透過RealSense進行2D轉3D * 流程圖 * 2D轉3D * 透過RealSense 取得3D 點雲成像 * 3D 點雲成像結合人體骨架模型 * RealSense 套件及OpenGL 繪製工具 ### III. Results/Evaluation (驗證結果) * 深度資訊驗證: 透過不同方式進行驗證並皆得出相似結果, 也證實我們的驗證方式可信。 * 雷射測距儀(GT) * realsense * mediapipe ### IV. DISCUSSION ### V. CONCLUSION * 同introduction ### REFERENCES ---- * 目的/貢獻 目前3D定位有需多方法(找文獻),這些都牽涉到實際距離的準確度,而本研究利用realsense結合點雲座標進行轉換,對人體骨架進行深度資訊的相關驗證,以還原點雲骨架轉換的實際座標位置。 * 方法 * 透過RealSense 取得3D 點雲成像 * 3D 點雲成像結合人體骨架模型 * RealSense 套件及OpenGL 繪製工具 * **3D 點雲成像結合人體骨架模型於人機協同之應用** * 單點融合 * 人機協作之資訊溝通(座標轉換) * 初步結果與驗證 * 測距模組(用保麗龍貼齊) * 2D點位驗證(7個點位* 3個距離) 在平面距離的精度誤差,已經有經過座標轉換(得到realsense在平面上的精度) * 3D點位驗證(3個點位* 3個距離* 4個受測者) 推測出點雲之距離可信度 3D點雲手腕、頭部上之準確度 * 列出可能產生的誤差: 逐幀關鍵點位的差距 人體生理因素 角度關係(非完全平行/垂直) * 結論 用realsense貼合之結果與真實結果之差距,在合理差距範圍內是可用的 --- ### 需要補的文獻&敘述: 1. openGL補充 2. 2D/3D距離驗證的paper * 不同光照的準確度 Seedling-lump integrated non-destructive monitoring for automatic transplanting with Intel RealSense depth camera https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589721719300297 * 使用ISO 10360-13評估D415, D455, L515效能 Metrological Characterization and Comparison of D415, D455, L515 RealSense Devices in the Close Range https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/22/7770 * 各種深度相機的驗證 PERSPECTIVES OF REALSENSE AND ZED DEPTH SENSORS FOR ROBOTIC VISION APPLICATIONS https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1702/10/3/183 4. 支持使用mediapipe的理由(輕量化/運算快) * MediaPipe Hands: On-device Real-time Hand Tracking https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.10214 * BlazePose: On-device Real-time Body Pose tracking https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.10204 * MediaPipe: A Framework for Building Perception Pipelines https://arxiv.org/abs/1906.08172 6. 距離驗證的error計算方式 * 我來~ https://github.com/IntelRealSense/librealsense/tree/master/tools/depth-quality 將3D資訊融合至2D 單點轉換僅取出2D, 需也取出3D mediapipe出來的3D資訊需要再轉換 > _normalize只有轉xy pose只丟landmark跟座標 hand另外加左右手 計算速度方法再另佐證 說明必須畫圖理由 因目前有將畫圖時間一併計入 才得到較為顯著的時間速度提升 使用3D骨架之STGCN realsense驗證 -------------------------------- Open GL: Interactive Computer Graphics: A top-down approach with OpenGL(被引用1024次) Principles of Computer Graphics: Theory and Practice Using OpenGL and Maya®(被引用35次) Visualization with OpenGL: 3D made easy(被引用18次,但是感覺很有機會可以放) ------------------------------------ Realsense: Metrological and Critical Characterization of the Intel D415 Stereo Depth Camera(被引用80次) VDI/VDE 2634 Blatt 2. Available online: https://www.vdi.eu/guidelines/vdivde_2634_blatt_2-optische_3_d_messsysteme_bildgebende_systeme_mit_flaechenhafter_antastung/ (accessed on 28 November 2018). (The German standard VDI/VDE 2634 Part 2 (“Optical 3D measuring systems”) is, in fact, the only recognised standard providing a number of guidelines for the acceptance and verification of optical 3D measuring systems.)

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