Thank Onur, Jannik, and Mikerah for the review and the advice published version https://ethresear.ch/t/bls-signatures-in-solidity/7919 [TOC] Who should read this? This article targets developers who want to perform BLS signature verification in Eth1 contracts. For readers interested in the BLS signature in Eth2, I highly recommend "BLS12-381 For The Rest Of Us"^ben-bls by Ben Edgington, which provides long but not too long answers to common questions.
10/28/2022在資料分片的環境底下,我們不能讓全節點去完整下載其他分片上所有的資料,否則就失去分片的意義了。 但我們仍然要顧慮一種情況:某個分片上的惡意節點,發佈了承諾,卻窩藏承諾背後的資料沒有發布。如果說在其他分片上的全節點,都乖乖收下了帶有這個承諾的區塊,這會是個危險的情況。相當於整個系統產出了一個區塊,但區塊上屬於該分片上的資料,除了惡意節點外沒有人知道是什麼。 要解決這個問題可以引入兩個機制:抽樣挑戰和糾刪碼。 抽樣挑戰是我們可以把該分片需要發布的資料切成幾等份,並要求全節點對其抽樣。例如切為 256 份,並對其抽取 75 份。全節點必須在抽樣的 75 份的資料都有正確回應的情況下,才能收下區塊。注意這時候惡意節點的選擇變成到底 256 份的資料中要發布幾份和窩藏幾份。抽樣挑戰的好處是全節點只要少少的抽樣,惡意節點必須發布很大比例的資料(例如 250 份),才能讓全網大部分的全節點完成挑戰並收下區塊。 但發布很大比例的資料仍然不夠,只要惡意節點能夠窩藏一份資料,這區塊就是一個資料不完整的不合格區塊。所以我們除了抽樣挑戰外還需要糾刪碼。
7/29/2022Thanks to Kobi Gurkan and Wanseob Lim for the reviews and the feedback [TOC] We're not talking about "An item purchasable at the Main Shop, under Magical." When I first looked into the zero-knowledge proof applications, the term nullifier confused me a lot. Many projects use nullifiers and define them differently depending on the context. In this post, we review those projects and extract the abstract idea that works for all. A Single-Use Gadget Nullifier is a piece of data that ensures a message only takes effect once. When we see the term nullifier, we can first restrict our attention to this primary function and take care of other details later.
12/25/2020or
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