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PBR: Rendering Theory

Slides du cours

Qui est-ce ?

  • Epita 2018
  • Chez Siemens

TOC

  1. Introduction
  2. Light-Matter Interactions
  3. Radiometry
  4. Rendering Equation

Light-Matter Interactions

Disclaimer

I am not a physicist, and Quantum Mechanics is a really complex topix

Rappel

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  • Champ magnetique et electrique transversal
  • Equation de Maxwell
  • Interactions avec la matiere

Macroscopic Level: Interactions

  • Emission
  • In-scattering
  • Out-scattering
  • Absorption
    • onde electromagnetique absorbee

Emission

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Modele de Niels-Bohr

  • Any vibrating charged particle converts energy into electromagnetic radiation

Absorption

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  • L'electron va monter d'un niveau d'energie puis reemettre une emission

Scattering

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  • On va pouvoir reflechir et transmettre
  • La trajectoire de la lumiere va changer
    • Il va y avoir des interferences

Interferences constructives: quand la lumiere va changer de milieu, il y a le principe de Fermat "la lumiere suit toujours le chemin le plus court"

Final notes

  • Any charged particle can interact on electromagnetic radiation
  • Quantum Theory and Quantum Electrodynamics can go really far
  • I can only advise you to read more about this topic !

Radiometry

Energy

Q=hcλ

  • h
    : constant de Planck
  • c
    : speed of light
  • λ
    : wavelength

Radiant Flux / Power

ϕ=dQdt

Irradiance

E(p)=dϕ(p)dA

  • dϕ(p)
    : power
  • dA
    : finite surface area

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E=ϕ4πr2

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E1=ϕAE2=ϕcos(θ)A

Solid angle

Area of a projected shape onto the Unit Sphere

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Radiant intensity

I=dϕdω

  • ϕ
    : power
  • ω
    : angle

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Radiance

On va l'utiliser pour faire tout le rendu

L(p,w)=dEω(p)dω=dϕ(p)dωdA

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Rendering equation

Disclaimer

We assume that

  • Light travels in vacuum
  • We deal only with opaque surfaces
  • Interactions at object surface

Definition

L0(p,ω0)=Ωfr(p,ω0,ωi)Réflectivité bidirectionnelleLi(p,ωi)n×ωidωi

BRDF

On peut voir ca comme un ratio. C'est la quantite d'energie qui va etre emise en

ω0 quand elle provient de
ωi

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C'est une grosse approximation de ce qu'il se passe

Dans la vraie vie il y a de la transmission

Certaines boites utilisent de fonction plus avancees (BTDF, BSSRDF, etc.)

Qui design ces BRDF ?

Lambert c'est une BRDF
Phong utilise une BRDF

En general la BRDF c'est la propriete des materiaux pour savoir comment c'est reflete.

On ne veut pas que de l'energie soit cree lors de la reflection

Il faut normaliser sinon on a des surprises

Final notes

  • Rendering equation uses all quantities we have seen
  • The rendering equation is what we solve when generating 3D images