# 2020/01/23

# ガイダンス
厚労省やWHOの公的資料を探した場合はDaily Reportの裏に *厚労省◯課第◯回◯委員会* などと記載

## やること
- オリンピックの公式サイトで探す人
- PubMedとかで探す人
- 医中誌で探す人
- 科研費を調べえる担当
- 最初はみんなでリオを調べる

# 大会リスト

参照 [https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/)

#### 夏季
| 回 | 開催年 | 開催地（国） |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1896 | [アテネ（ギリシャ）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/1896.html) |
| 2 | 1900 | [パリ（フランス）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/1900.html) |
| 3 | 1904 | [セントルイス（アメリカ）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/1904.html) |
| 4 | 1908 | [ロンドン（イギリス）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/1908.html) |
| 5 | 1912 | [ストックホルム（スウェーデン）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/1912.html) |
| 6 | 1916 | ベルリン（ドイツ）-中止 |
| 7 | 1920 | [アントワープ（ベルギー）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/1920.html) |
| 8 | 1924 | [パリ（フランス）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/1924.html) |
| 9 | 1928 | [アムステルダム（オランダ）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/1928.html) |
| 10 | 1932 | [ロサンゼルス（アメリカ）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/1932.html) |
| 11 | 1936 | [ベルリン（ドイツ）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/1936.html) |
| 12 | 1940 | 東京（日本）-返上 ヘルシンキ（フィンランド）-中止 |
| 13 | 1944 | ロンドン（イギリス）-中止 |
| 14 | 1948 | [ロンドン（イギリス）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/1948.html) |
| 15 | 1952 | [ヘルシンキ（フィンランド）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/1952.html) |
| 16 | 1956 | [メルボルン（オーストラリア）
|
| 17 | 1960 | [ローマ（イタリア）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/1960.html) |
| 18 | 1964 | [東京（日本）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/1964.html) |
| 19 | 1968 | [メキシコシティー（メキシコ）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/1968.html) |
| 20 | 1972 | [ミュンヘン（西ドイツ）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/1972.html) |
| 21 | 1976 | [モントリオール（カナダ）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/1976.html) |
| 22 | 1980 | [モスクワ（ソ連）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/1980.html) |
| 23 | 1984 | [ロサンゼルス（アメリカ）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/1984.html) |
| 24 | 1988 | [ソウル（韓国）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/1988.html) |
| 25 | 1992 | [バルセロナ（スペイン）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/1992.html) |
| 26 | 1996 | [アトランタ（アメリカ）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/1996.html) |
| 27 | 2000 | [シドニー（オーストラリア）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/2000.html) |
| 28 | 2004 | [アテネ（ギリシャ）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/2004.html) |
| 29 | 2008 | [北京（中国）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/2008.html) |
| 30 | 2012 | [ロンドン（イギリス）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/2012.html) |
| 31 | 2016 | [リオデジャネイロ（ブラジル）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/2016.html) |
| 32 | 2020 | 東京（日本） |

#### 冬季

| 回 | 開催年 | 開催地（国） |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | 1924 | [シャモニー・モンブラン（フランス）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/winter1924.html) |
| 2 | 1928 | [サン・モリッツ（スイス）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/winter1928.html) |
| 3 | 1932 | [レークプラシッド（アメリカ）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/winter1932.html) |
| 4 | 1936 | [ガルミッシュ・パルテンキルヘン（ドイツ）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/winter1936.html) |
| 5 | 1948 | [サン・モリッツ（スイス）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/winter1948.html) |
| 6 | 1952 | [オスロ（ノルウェー）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/winter1952.html) |
| 7 | 1956 | [コルチナ・ダンペッツオ（イタリア）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/winter1956.html) |
| 8 | 1960 | [スコーバレー（アメリカ）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/winter1960.html) |
| 9 | 1964 | [インスブルック（オーストリア）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/winter1964.html) |
| 10 | 1968 | [グルノーブル（フランス）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/winter1968.html) |
| 11 | 1972 | [札幌（日本）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/winter1972.html) |
| 12 | 1976 | [インスブルック（オーストリア）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/winter1976.html) |
| 13 | 1980 | [レークプラシッド（アメリカ）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/winter1980.html) |
| 14 | 1984 | [サラエボ（ユーゴスラビア）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/winter1984.html) |
| 15 | 1988 | [カルガリー（カナダ）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/winter1988.html) |
| 16 | 1992 | [アルベールビル（フランス）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/winter1992.html) |
| 17 | 1994 | [リレハンメル（ノルウェー）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/winter1994.html) |
| 18 | 1998 | [長野（日本）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/winter1998.html) |
| 19 | 2002 | [ソルトレークシティ（アメリカ）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/winter2002.html) |
| 20 | 2006 | [トリノ（イタリア）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/winter2006.html) |
| 21 | 2010 | [バンクーバー（カナダ）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/winter2010.html) |
| 22 | 2014 | [ソチ（ロシア）](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/poster/winter2014.html) |
| 23 | 2018 | 平昌（韓国） |
| 24 | 2022 | 北京（中国） |

# リオの文献
## [Zika Virus and the Rio Olympic Games.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31688184)
### まとめ
ニュージーランドのチームにジカウイルスの対策を予め講じることでチームの不安を取り除き、実際に感染者はいなかった。

### Abstract

#### OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate the impact of Zika virus on preparation and management of the New Zealand (NZ) Olympic team.

#### DESIGN:

Descriptive manuscript.

#### SETTING:

New Zealand Olympic Health team preparation and management during the Rio de Janeiro Olympic Games, 2016.

#### PATIENTS (OR PARTICIPANTS):

New Zealand Olympic Team members.

#### INTERVENTIONS (OR ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS):

This manuscript describes the approaches used by the NZ Olympic Health team to the minimization of risk from Zika virus.

#### MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

Although descriptive of approach forms most of the article, the results of Zika virus serology are presented.

#### RESULTS:

The NZ Olympic Health team took a proactive approach to risk mitigation, including extensive education, clothing changes, mosquito spray, mosquito nets, and voluntary postexposure testing. No positive serology was observed in those tested.

#### CONCLUSIONS:

The outbreak of Zika virus in Brazil, the associated complication of microcephaly, and the evolving understanding of virus transmission created significant uncertainty for NZ Olympic team members. The proactive approach taken by the health team to the mitigation of risk, combined with the anticipated low risk of arbovirus transmission over the period of the games, resulted in enhanced confidence from team members and no reports of positive serology.

## [Mobile based surveillance platform for detecting Zika virus among Spanish Delegates attending the Rio de Janeiro Olympic Games](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30133492)
### まとめ
アプリやウェブベースのプラットフォームを使うことで症状の早期発見など、リアルタイムでの感染状況の把握に役立った。

### Abstract

#### BACKGROUND:

Zika virus has created a major epidemic in Central and South America, especially in Brazil, during 2015-16. The infection is strongly associated with fetal malformations, mainly microcephaly, and neurological symptoms in adults. During the preparation of the Rio de Janeiro Olympic Games in 2016, members of Olympic Delegations worldwide expressed their concern about the health consequences of being infected with Zika virus. A major risk highlighted by the scientific community was the impact on the spreading of the virus into new territories immediately after the Games.

#### OBJECTIVES:

To detect real-time incidence of symptoms compatible with arboviral diseases and other tropical imported diseases among the Spanish Olympic Delegation (SOD) attending the Rio Olympic Games in 2016.

#### METHODS:

We developed a surveillance platform based on a mobile application installed in participant's smartphones that monitored the health status of the SOD through a daily interactive check of the user health status including geo-localization data. The results were evaluated by a study physician on-call through a web-based platform monitoring system. Participants presenting severe symptoms or those compatible with Zika infection prompted an alarm in the system triggering specialized medical assistance and allowing early detection and control of the introduction of arboviral diseases in Spain.

#### SUMMARY OF THE RESULTS:

The system was downloaded by 189 participants and used by 143 of them (76%). Median age was 38 years (IQR 16), and 134 (71%) were male. Mean duration of travel was 19 days (+/-9SD). During the Games the highest accumulated incidence observed was for headache: 6.06% cough: 5.30% and conjunctivitis: 3.03%. The incidence rate of cough during the Olympic Games was 1.1% per day per person, followed by headache 0.8% and 0.4% conjunctivitis or diarrhea. In our cohort we observed that non-athletes experienced more incidence of symptoms, except for incidence of cough which was the same in the two groups (1.1%). No participants reported symptoms fulfilling Zika definition case.

#### CONCLUSION:

Our system did not find cases fulfilling Zika definition amongst participants of the SOD during the Games, consistent with limited cases of Zika in Rio during the Games. The app showed good usability and the web based monitoring platform allowed to manage infectious cases in real-time. The overall system has proven to serve as a real-time surveillance platform for detecting symptoms that could be present in tropical imported diseases, especially arboviral diseases, contributing to the preparedness for the introduction of vector borne-diseases in non-endemic countries.

## [Zika virus infection during the Olympic Games in Rio: A fear or an actual risk?](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27865425)
### まとめ
ジカウイルスやGuillain-Barré症候群や胎児奇形について、WHOが*疫学状の緊急事態*を宣言し、リオ五輪の延期の可能性もあった。

### Abstract

The recent outbreak of Zika virus infection in Brazil has aroused considerable media interest due to its association with neurological malformations in children born from mothers infected by the virus and to its association with Guillain-Barre syndrome in adults. This relationship has led to the World Health Organisation declaring the current epidemic as a "Public Health Emergency of International Concern". Controversy also emerged on the advisability of delaying or changing the location of the Olympic and Paralympic Games, which were held in August at various locations in Brazil. In this article, we review the available evidence on the risk of Zika and dengue virus infection in individuals who travel to endemic countries, especially for multitudinous events.

## [Is Zika a substantial risk for visitors to the Rio de Janeiro Olympic Games?](https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S014067361630842X?token=89E736742BE4AA240156B6B2A3598B90C6C46EF3A5F0D01E1D0BA4510F1C505AE497192B17F8E9CDD563CA57DDB112EE)
### まとめ
リオ五輪中のジカウイルスのリスクは*extremely low*だが、妊婦は対策を講じるべきだ。

#### Conclusion
Although the risk of Zika virus infection during the time of the Olympic Games is extremely low, we think that pregnant women should avoid visiting any region of the world where Zika virus circulation has been reported, including Rio de Janeiro, a recommendation in line with international and national public health guidelines

## [The risk of dengue for non-immune foreign visitors to the 2016 summer olympic games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27129407)
### Abstract

#### BACKGROUND:

Rio de Janeiro in Brazil will host the Summer Olympic Games in 2016. About 400,000 non-immune foreign tourists are expected to attend the games. As Brazil is the country with the highest number of dengue cases worldwide, concern about the risk of dengue for travelers is justified.

#### METHODS:

A mathematical model to calculate the risk of developing dengue for foreign tourists attending the Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro in 2016 is proposed. A system of differential equation models the spread of dengue amongst the resident population and a stochastic approximation is used to assess the risk to tourists. Historical reported dengue time series in Rio de Janeiro for the years 2000-2015 is used to find out the time dependent force of infection, which is then used to estimate the potential risks to a large tourist cohort. The worst outbreak of dengue occurred in 2012 and this and the other years in the history of Dengue in Rio are used to discuss potential risks to tourists amongst visitors to the forthcoming Rio Olympics.

#### RESULTS:

The individual risk to be infected by dengue is very much dependent on the ratio asymptomatic/symptomatic considered but independently of this the worst month of August in the period studied in terms of dengue transmission, occurred in 2007.

#### CONCLUSIONS:

If dengue returns in 2016 with the pattern observed in the worst month of August in history (2007), the expected number of symptomatic and asymptomatic dengue cases among tourists will be 23 and 206 cases, respectively. This worst case scenario would have an incidence of 5.75 (symptomatic) and 51.5 (asymptomatic) per 100,000 individuals.

# リオの調べた内容発表
### ぐっさん
黄熱病
[水質について](https://www.joc.or.jp/eco/04mizu.html)
↑水競技に関する感染症が多く、水質調査は最近の課題
[JOCのリオオリンピックでの感染症対策P40～](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/riodejaneiro/pdf/conditioning_guide_rio2016.pdf)
↑A型肝炎、B型肝炎ウイルスワクチンの接種が推奨された。
寄生虫、微生物など食品関係の感染症も危惧された。
[1948ロンドンオリンピック偉業](https://www.olympic.org/london-1948)
↑10種競技を始めて4か月の女の子が優勝したらしい
### 森岡さん
オリンピックの前にジカが流行ったのが問題だった
豚もはやった
冬季平昌ではノロウイルスによる感染性胃炎が集団的に起こり、200人以上。各国のメンバーでの会議が開かれるようになった?
ロンドンオリンピック 胃腸感染症、呼吸器感染症が起こった
アテネオリンピック 呼吸器感染症と胃腸炎 食べ物や水を介した感染症。
アトランタ･シドニー 当時は感染症が問題視されていなかったかもしれない。医療受診の1%未満。
東京 麻疹･風疹が懸念。ホストする街がそれぞれの国に対する対応が必要。

### もりやさん
ジカウイルスの対策方法 夏気候じゃなくて冬にすれば蚊の媒介が減る 殺虫剤を短期に撒けば減る
妊婦がジカウイルスの流行っているところへの旅行をやめる

### けーちゃん
Jstageの論文 2014年にデング熱が流行った だから東京でも流行るのではないか懸念

### たもさん
ジカ熱
東進の採点バイトしてます！

### やまたつ
科学研究費について調べた
リオではジカ熱とHIVなどのSTIsが流行るという研究がある
ジカ熱は蚊だけでなくSTIでもあるので避妊具を配布した
国立感染症研究所 妊婦がかかったら奇形を起こすので渡航はやめよう

## ディスカッション
- 北半球と南半球で分けたほうがいい
- 夏と冬で分けたほうがいい
- リオは夏
- 赤道に近いから関係ない?
- 夏季のオリンピックを遡れるだけ遡る
- 10:20に発表
- ロンドンについて調べる

# ロンドンの文献
## [London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games: public health surveillance and epidemiology.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24857700)
#### まとめ
感染症、化学、放射線、環境などの被害を防ぐシステムについての報告。スポーツのマスギャザリングでの感染症のリスクは大きくないが、症例をゼロにすることは難しい。
#### Abstract
Mass gatherings are regarded as potential risks for transmission of infectious diseases, and might compromise the health system of countries in which they are hosted. The evidence for increased transmission of infectious diseases at international sporting mass gatherings that attract many visitors from all over the world is not clear, and the evidence base for public health surveillance, epidemiology, and response at events such as the Olympics is small. However, infectious diseases are a recognised risk, and public health planning is, and should remain, a crucial part of the overall planning of sporting events. In this Series paper, we set out the planning and the surveillance systems that were used to monitor public health risks during the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games in the summer of 2012, and draw attention to the public health issues-infectious diseases and chemical, radiation, and environmental hazards-that arose. Although the absolute risk of health-protection problems, including infectious diseases, at sporting mass gatherings is small, the need for reassurance of the absence of problems is higher than has previously been considered; this could challenge conventional public health surveillance systems. Recognition of the limitations of health-surveillance systems needs to be part of the planning for future sporting events

## [Epidemiology of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Visitors for the London 2012 Olympic Games: A Review of Attendees at Sexual Health Services.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26562702)
### まとめ
性感染症の診療所の受診者数を調べたところ、ロンドン五輪による影響は最小限のものだった。**いつもどおり**の行動で十分だということが示唆される。
### Abstract
#### CONCLUSIONS:

In this first multisite study to examine the effect of Olympic visitors on local sexual health services, the 2012 Olympic Games was found to have minimal impact. This suggests that a "business as usual" approach would have been sufficient.

## [Olympics and Paralympics 2012 mass gathering in London: time-series analysis shows no increase in attendances at sexual health clinics.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25855624)
### まとめ
性感染症の診療所の結果から、**いつもどおり**の対策が適切だったといえる。
### CONCLUSIONS:
We conclude that a 'business-as-usual' approach to managing local sexual health clinics during the 2012 Olympic and Paralympics would have been appropriate.

## [Assessment of the impact of the London Olympics 2012 on selected non-genitourinary medicine clinic sexual health services.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24894726)
### まとめ
期間中経口避妊薬の使用が10%増えた。電話相談窓口は期間中16%問い合わせが減少したが、終了後に33%増加した。性的暴行の1.8%がオリンピックに関連するものだった。これらのデータが今後のマスギャザリングの対策を計画する際に役立つだろう。
### Abstract
With minimal information on sexual health provision during mass-gathering events, our aim was to describe the use of sexual health, contraceptive, sex worker and sexual assault services during the London 2012 Olympics. We analysed data from five sources. One contraceptive service provider reported a 10% increase in attendance during the main Games, while emergency contraception prescriptions rose during the main Olympics, compared to the week before, but were similar or lower than at the beginning and end of the summer period. A health telephone advice line reported a 16% fall in sexual health-related calls during the main Olympics, but a 33% increase subsequently. London sexual assault referral centres reported that 1.8% of sexual assaults were Olympics-linked. A service for sex workers reported that 16% started working in the sex industry and 7% moved to London to work during the Olympics. Fifty-eight per cent and 45% of sex workers reported fewer clients and an increase in police crack-downs, respectively. Our results show a change in activity across these services during the 2012 summer, which may be associated with the Olympics. Our data are a guide to other services when anticipating changes in service activity and planning staffing for mass-gathering events.

## [Infectious diseases prioritisation for event-based surveillance at the European Union level for the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24762663)
### まとめ
HPA, ECDC,がSIDEsの監視を行った。71の感染症が優先的な監視の対象とされ、27が最優先のEUでの疫学的対策の対象となった。
### Abstract
In 2012, London hosted the Olympic and Paralympic Games (the Games), with events occurring throughout the United Kingdom (UK) between 27 July and 9 September 2012. Public health surveillance was performed by the Health Protection Agency (HPA). Collaboration between the HPA and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) was established for the detection and assessment of significant infectious disease events (SIDEs) occurring outside the UK during the time of the Games. Additionally, ECDC undertook an internal prioritisation exercise to facilitate ECDC’s decisions on which SIDEs should have preferentially enhanced monitoring through epidemic intelligence activities for detection and reporting in daily surveillance in the European Union (EU). A team of ECDC experts evaluated potential public health risks to the Games, selecting and prioritising SIDEs for event-based surveillance with regard to their potential for importation to the Games, occurrence during the Games or export to the EU/European Economic Area from the Games. The team opted for a multilevel approach including comprehensive disease selection, development and use of a qualitative matrix scoring system and a Delphi method for disease prioritisation. The experts selected 71 infectious diseases to enter the prioritisation exercise of which 27 were considered as priority for epidemic intelligence activities by ECDC for the EU for the Games.

## [Evaluation of the Health Protection Event-Based Surveillance for the London 2012 Olympic and ParalympicGames.]（https://www.eurosurveillance.org/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES2014.19.24.20832）
### Abstract
]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]:;;;;p000000000okThe Health Protection Agency (HPA) (currently Public Health England) implemented the Health Protection Event-Based Surveillance (EBS) to provide additional national epidemic intelligence for the 2012 London Olympic and Paralympic Games (the Games). We describe EBS and evaluate the system attributes. EBS aimed at identifying, assessing and reporting to the HPA Olympic Coordination Centre (OCC) possible national infectious disease threats that may significantly impact the Games. EBS reported events in England from 2 July to 12 September 2012. EBS sourced events from reports from local health protection units and from screening an electronic application 'HPZone Dashboard' (DB). During this period, 147 new events were reported to EBS, mostly food-borne and vaccine-preventable diseases: 79 from regional units, 144 from DB (76 from both). EBS reported 61 events to the OCC: 21 of these were reported onwards. EBS sensitivity was 95.2%; positive predictive value was 32.8%; reports were timely (median one day; 10th percentile: 0 days - same day; 90th percentile: 3.6 days); completeness was 99.7%; stability was 100%; EBS simplicity was assessed as good; the daily time per regional or national unit dedicated to EBS was approximately 4 hours (weekdays) and 3 hours (weekends). OCC directors judged EBS as efficient, fast and responsive. EBS provided reliable, reassuring, timely, simple and stable national epidemic intelligence for the Games.
### まとめ
HPAがEBSと呼ばれるサーベイランスをロンドンオリンピックの際に行っていた。EBSを行っていた期間は際立った感染症は蔓延せず、EBSは有効だったといえる。

# ロンドンの調べた内容発表
## ぐっさん
- 新しい感染症は特に出ていない
- 1948のオリンピックのリンク
-[JOCのリオオリンピックでの感染症対策P40～](https://www.joc.or.jp/games/olympic/riodejaneiro/pdf/conditioning_guide_rio2016.pdf)
↑A型肝炎、B型肝炎ウイルスワクチンの接種が推奨された。
寄生虫、微生物など食品関係の感染症も危惧された。
[1948ロンドンオリンピック偉業](https://www.olympic.org/london-1948)
↑10種競技を始めて4か月の女の子が優勝したらしい

## もりおかさん
- 大きな公衆衛生上のインシデントは報告されなかった
- 水痘
- 呼吸器
- 感染症
- レジオネラ
- しっかりした対策のおかげ
- オリンピック7年前から対策ガイドラインに提示された原則と過去の主催都市の経験に基づいて公衆衛生計画を実行した
- 英国健康保護庁(?)によるリスク評価
- 胃腸疾患
- 呼吸器疾患
- VPD
- の脅威が確認された
- ので迅速診断などの対策体制が確立された

## もりやさん
- 性感染症のリスクが高まる
- 白人の異性愛者の男性が多い
- 性感染症サービスを利用する人が少なかった
- 理由は利用しなかったから
- 新規感染症を検出するためのシステムが開発された

## けーちゃん
- オリンピックの前にEBSというサーベイランスを行った
- 起こりうることを事前にチェックすることは大切だと思った

## たもさん
- WHOと地方自治体や食品基準庁が協力して大会のための公衆衛生リスク評価法を作成した
- 起こったらどうするかという仕組みの確立
- 週ごとの報告を毎日に変えた

## やまたつ
- 科学研究費について
- 食中毒や呼吸器感染がちょっと増えただけ
- 対策をしっかりしてたから
- オリンピックの時期
- 最近はずっと7, 8, 9月
- 1964年の東京オリンピックは体育の日10月10日などに始めてた

# 北京の文献
## [Post-Effect of Air Quality Improvement on Biomarkers for Systemic Inflammation and Microparticles in Asthma Patients After the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games: a Pilot Study.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28444548)
### まとめ
喘息患者における全身炎症と大気中の微粒子
### Abstract
This study's aim was to investigate the post-effect of an air quality improvement on systemic inflammation and circulating microparticles in asthmatic patients during, and 2 months after, the Beijing Olympics 2008. We measured the levels of circulating inflammatory cytokines and microparticles in the peripheral blood from asthma patients and healthy controls during (phase 1), and 2 months after (phase 2) the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. The concentrations of circulating cytokines (including TNFα, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10) were still seen reduced in phase 2 when compared with those in phase 1. The number of circulating endothelial cell-derived microparticles was significantly lower during the phase 2 than that during phase 1 in asthma patients. The level of plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) was significantly decreased in asthmatics in phase 2. The level of norepinephrine was significantly higher in phase 2 than that in phase 1 in plasma from both asthma patients and healthy subjects. There were no significant differences in the gene profile for the toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In vitro, microvesicles from patients with asthma impaired the relaxation to bradykinin and contraction to acetylcholine, whereas microparticles from healthy subjects did not. These data suggested that reduction in systemic pro-inflammatory responses and circulating LBP and increased level of norepinephrine in asthma patients persisted even after 2 months of the air pollution intervention. These changes were independent of the TLR signaling pathway. Circulating microparticles might be associated with airway smooth muscle dysfunction.

## [Traveling to China for the Beijing Olympic Games: internal migration of the commercial sex workforce may be an important HIV risk factor for travelers.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18486075)
### まとめ
国内のセックスワーカーが北京に集まった。コンドームの使用が推奨される。
### Abstract
As a consequence, it would appear that internal migration of commercial sex workers may become an important vector for the transmission of [HIV](https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/immunology-and-microbiology/human-immunodeficiency-virus "Learn more about Human Immunodeficiency Virus from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages") during the 2008 Olympic Games. A greater focus on 100% [condom usage](https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/condom-use "Learn more about Condom Use from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages") needs to be encouraged should travelers engage in sexual activity with the local population, either on a casual or commercial basis. This advice also applies to [homosexual](https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/homosexuality "Learn more about Homosexuality from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages") travelers, as the prevalence of HIV and sex-related risk factors appears to be increasing among [men who have sex with men](https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/men-who-have-sex-with-men "Learn more about Men Who Have Sex with Men from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages") in Beijing.[8](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1477893908000124#bib8)

# 北京の調べた内容
10時15分発表
## ぐっさん
## もりおかさん
- 感染症アウトブレイクの報告はなかった
- 罹患率の低下をもたらした
- 食品安全衛生の強化
## もりやさん
- オリンピック期間に腸内感染症の病原体パターンを調べた報告書
- 腸炎ビブリオ
- サルモネラ
- 下痢原性大腸菌
- Canpilobacter Jejuni
## けーちゃん
- 夏だったのでサルモネラなどのリスク
## たもさん
- 北京の外からデング熱が入ってきた
## やまたつ
- 北京だけでなく夏のオリンピック全般で食中毒や下痢には注意しよう

# 今後の話
- 毎回3つくらいの国を調べる