# Master Ivo's Radiant Coil Capacitor Circuit & notes

[Follow up doc ](/@juanmf/MasterIvoRadiantCircuitNotes) with cronological perspective of Ivo's circuit evolution.

Ivo's site: https://magstar.eu/
YT Channel: https://www.youtube.com/c/MasterIvo/videos

[root video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qxyf-L48Y8k)
[schematics](https://youtu.be/qxyf-L48Y8k?t=530)
[schematics diodes inverted correction](https://www.youtube.com/shorts/N3KSiARju00)

[coil stacking](https://youtu.be/qxyf-L48Y8k?t=218)

[High level impulse generation description](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pa2MipWGSKQ)

syntax notes:
* Series:`()`; e.g. `(4)` = 4 in series
* Parallel: `[]`; e.g. `[4]` = 4 in parallel
* Reference: `{*n}`; e.g. `C4 {*1}...` later `{*1}: [4 * (2 * WIMA MKP10 2KV DC )]`
## Components list
Find parts in:
* https://octopart.com/
* https://www.digikey.com/

### Capacitors:
Main circuit caps [overview starts here](https://youtu.be/qxyf-L48Y8k?t=433)

[For discharging capacitors](https://youtu.be/ncL5WgkD6Hc?t=98)

896 Ohms = 4x220 17W to protect the fast diodes.

**Need to gather specs for the ones in tuninc cap boards.**

#### C1:
4KV: `{*1}` >1μF
#### C2:
4KV: `{*1}` ~60nF
Tunes L2 in series with 51nF (IVO uses the cap board, I plan to make a binary system cap board with caps in powers of 2 :) )
#### C3:
~30nF, 4KV
Tunes L3 in parallel with 61nF [cap board](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c2_rKc7sHGk&t=380s)
#### C4:
4μF, 100V, WIMA FKP2

#### C5:
4KV: `{*1}` >1μF

#### C6:

4KV: `{*1}`~ 5nF, (Negative DC offset), currently using 680nF (680 sounds unclear?)

`{*1}: [4 * (2 * WIMA MKP10 2KV DC )]`

Notes:
C2 & C3 caps tune the resonance of L2 and L3, hence testing is needed as size depend on coils.

### Coils (listed in stack order):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2fLBZu7BJkM?t=35
! order seems different in refferenced bideo from the main video's circuit.
#### L1 (larger)
#### L3 (smaller): output to lamp.
Produces a triangle wave (not explained why.). Inside rim is parallel resonant with cap board, outside rim grounded. L3 inside rim > cap board > half bridge rectifier (to lamp, only one wire power transmission as the other side is grounded).
#### <Gap: 25mm nylon for loose coupling>

#### L2
Is flipped for reverse phase (relatively smaller inductance than L1 is L1 impulses make a bigger amplification on L2 by parametric resonance, for amplification, not sure how though).
https://youtu.be/2fLBZu7BJkM?t=174 By being hase-shifted it's supposed to work in the TEM (Transverse) resonance mode. Current shown is L2's

#### L4? Soon, for output.

### Mosfets:
Silicon Carbide Power MOSFET. One of the Wolfspeed/Cree C3M SiC MOSFET’s that is excelent for impulse generation.

2x C3M0065090D

### Gate driver:
[Great video to understand why we need one.](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8swJ_Bnsgl4)
mgj1D121505mpc
~~Wonder if an Arduino pin has an accpetable speed to work as gate (5v)~~. *The answer is nope (at least not with one pin, maybe 7 pins in parallel could.). Arduino has 40mA max current per pin, falls short of the needed current to lift the gate timely (up to 400-800ns on one pin, when more current ~300mA opens the gate in 80ns).*

How to gate: https://youtu.be/c2_rKc7sHGk?t=370 for 2 pulses per cycle, (2X 49% dutty cycle), Pulse discharge happens in 1% dead time.
https://youtu.be/c2_rKc7sHGk?t=686: "1EDI60I12AF (?) gated driver IC's Powered by mgj1D121505mpc isolated DCDC converter"
Isolated to 1.2KV

Think in later videos he corrected/repurposed this dual 49% dutty cycle mosfet to make it simultaneous series gating. If we use them in sync, do we still need one per Mosfet?

### Diodes:
** I mention the MUR8100E diode, but only the MUR8100EG is available. it has the same functionality.
https://youtu.be/c2_rKc7sHGk?t=522 Two in series with Mosfets. To prevent impulses from leaking via mosfets body diodes. it handles - & + 1KV impulses (should be adjusted for 4KV? for later video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qxyf-L48Y8k).
Result: https://youtu.be/c2_rKc7sHGk?t=553

Uses 3-4 in series to handle 3Kv-4Kv impulses.

## Input:
2 x 4V, 1.5Amp DC
2 x 4.1V, 1.28Amp DC (10.5 W) when lamp is lit. (56.4KHz)
https://youtu.be/2fLBZu7BJkM?t=368 : 5.74W but more power on L3. 67.23KHz.

## Output
L3: ~ 700V peak to peak.
L2 (dielectric) and L1 (magnetic) fields are assisting L3.
https://youtu.be/2fLBZu7BJkM?t=486 : L2 & L3 90deg phase-shifted, not good.

## Load
28W Lamp between possitive and negativ CD offsets capacitors, "just like in the power suppli side": https://youtu.be/c2_rKc7sHGk?t=943
CD mil-amps metter on lamp.
CD meter for lamp Voltage.

## Power supply

Symmetric, https://youtu.be/c2_rKc7sHGk?t=484
from 2 square signals from two-channel Rigol signal generator (Cleqee JDS6600-60M) (https://youtu.be/c2_rKc7sHGk?t=783).

## buck converters:
DC-DC buck converter 5V 2A
https://youtu.be/Asa2RuubKWM?t=249

## probes/testers
L2:
https://youtu.be/c2_rKc7sHGk?t=848: Pintek HVP-08 high voltage
https://youtu.be/c2_rKc7sHGk?t=854: Current probe Pintek PA 655
L3: https://youtu.be/c2_rKc7sHGk?t=969 high voltage on resonant side.

## Notes:
[Concept of how to capture & recycle second half wave after impulse](https://youtu.be/ncL5WgkD6Hc?t=230) and [here](https://youtu.be/Pa2MipWGSKQ?t=244)

high-side switching with 1uF (100V) capactor to [recicle blocked impulse](https://youtu.be/Pa2MipWGSKQ?t=425) in next cycle.


low-side switching, with impulsed primary and CD offset fed by coil-mosfet impulses.

https://youtu.be/c2_rKc7sHGk?t=84 basic circuit diagram, C3 doesn't look the same as in https://youtu.be/qxyf-L48Y8k?t=82

DC offset comes and goes, in latest videos it's back.
Impulses come from L1 on dead time, from half cicle of resonant wave.
https://youtu.be/c2_rKc7sHGk?t=327 schematic with tunning caps and units.
https://youtu.be/c2_rKc7sHGk?t=800: capacitors for feeding HBridge ? not in schematics?

### Links to PCB are broken:
I'm womdering is Arduino can be used for gating the mosfets.
https://easyeda.com/editor#id=1fa6ba959b6844d598ef1974f6bed660 permission denied.
https://oshwlab.com/MasterIvo/radiant-half-bridge-900 (404: not found)

https://oshwlab.com login/register system is very broken.

Given that that one is missing, this migh do:
Video:
https://youtu.be/Asa2RuubKWM?t=166
Circuit:
https://oshwlab.com/renemeschuh/master-ivo-switching-circuit

I suppose a PCB diagram there would have been used to order at https://jlcpcb.com/

## Experiments:
https://youtu.be/c2_rKc7sHGk?t=983: Current amplification.
https://youtu.be/c2_rKc7sHGk?t=1082: at resonance max 790V and 7.22A pulse absorbed by L2-C2.
By tunning a bit higher the pulse appears again. With pulse on, current goes to 10.92A, impulse is 900V. L2 pp 3.5KV. Confusing results https://youtu.be/c2_rKc7sHGk?t=1220.
https://youtu.be/c2_rKc7sHGk?t=1275 current sign wave min and max get "separated" by amplification pulse charging the magnetic field of L2.

Thoughts on L2 gains due to the impulse
https://youtu.be/c2_rKc7sHGk?t=1609
The timing of the impulse at the point when the capacitor is fully charged and the coil has zero current, is synergistic as both, the capacitor DISCHARGE and the impulse, add up to current in L2. https://youtu.be/c2_rKc7sHGk?t=1802

The reciprocal experiment, using current impulse would destroy the mosfet, good for oopening the circuit not for closing. Here a spark gap would be better.

### 2 kinds of resonance
https://youtu.be/c2_rKc7sHGk?t=1883

Adding a parallel cap to L3 slows it down to L2 freq. now we have 2 resonant frequencies. [Setup](https://youtu.be/c2_rKc7sHGk?t=1923)
[TEM](https://youtu.be/c2_rKc7sHGk?t=2142) is the lowest resonance frequency. L3 & L2 voltage in phase. [distancing L1 from L2 fixed the anomaly (phase shift of impulse)](https://youtu.be/c2_rKc7sHGk?t=2251). with TEM L2 becomes warmer. L2 is phisically conected to L1. By close coupling L1 & L2 an anomaly push L2 wave 180deg out of phase with the L1 impulse this does not happen in LMD.

[LMD](https://youtu.be/c2_rKc7sHGk?t=2270)
L2 & L3 voltages are out of phase 180Deg.
[12.1 Amps p2p.](https://youtu.be/c2_rKc7sHGk?t=2395) with LMD L3 is much higher in voltage, with no change in inductance or capacitance. And L3 becomes warmer. Wireless power?

@see Eric Dollard - Transverse & Longitudinal Electric waves 1988.

We can recycle the magnetic field energy of L1 to amplify series resonant Current in L2, L2 can be brought into 2 kinds of resonance with L3 (TEM in phase, LMD out of pahse)
[L1 can provide magnetic while L2 dielectric induction on L3 simultaneously](https://youtu.be/c2_rKc7sHGk?t=2565)

Radiant half bridge circuit PCB & part list missing.

## Condenced list:
### Mosfets
* C3M0021120D: 2 (4 sourced)
---
2x Mosfet: C3M0065090D (or [C3M0021120D](https://youtu.be/gQZDCXJg-Ik?t=238)) [updated (repurposed) circuit](bl4xk8CMe8I) as parallel high-low side switch was not possible.
[Gate river circuit half-brdgs video ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c2_rKc7sHGk)

### Capacitors:

* 1uF:
* 3kv: 4 (4 sourced)

---

32x WIMA MKP10 2KV DC (4*[4 * (2 * WIMA MKP10 2KV DC )]) (C1, C4, C5, C6)

2-3x High voltage Tunning capacitor boards, each must reach at least 100nF in small increments (~100pF):
13x 250V On-Off switches.

[capacitor board explained](https://youtu.be/ncL5WgkD6Hc?t=1024)

**Optimization idea**: By getting $baseCap * 2^n|n=0..12; baseCap=100pF$
We can minimize the number of capacitors and switching with binary logic cover the whole range in 100pF incrementes to 819.1nF. With only 13 capacitors.

Example, for the 51nF for tunning L2.
Idealistic table editer per actual practical cap board bellow (small sub-board 10-70pF) + bigger board (100pF-102.3nF)
| pF | nF |Switch setting|
|--------|-------|--------------|
| 10 | |0 |
| 20 | |0 |
| 40 | |0 |
| 100 | |0 |
| 200 | |1 |
| 400 | |1 |
| 800 | |1 |
| 1600 | 1.6 |1 |
| 3200 | 3.2 |1 |
| 6400 | 6.4 |1 |
| 12800 | 12.8 |1 |
| 25600 | 25.6 |1 |
| 51200 | 51.2 |0 |

[2x 1uF polypropylene, 50V near mosfets?](https://youtu.be/c2_rKc7sHGk?t=484), (max capacitance 102.3nF)

### Resistors
* 330 20W: 8 sourced
---
4 x 220 Ohms 17W (in series). For cap discharge.

### Diodes
8x MUR8100E or MUR8100EG (4 in series on each side for 4KV pulses).

### Probes
2x Pintek HVP-08 high voltage
1x Current probe Pintek PA 655

# Replication

## Tunning Capacitor board (only gor ceramics so far)

Applying my binary system idea. in pF, 3KV caps.

Soldering joints. Skipped lanes in hopes it won't arch.

Board case, switches onli use off and (I) on. (II) unused.

Power line.

Finisfed; with steps of 10pF, parasitic capacitance of 10-20pF (when all off), (capacitance range 10pF-102.3nF). With only 13 switched :)
I'm very happy with the acuracy of this board, as measured. Caps are 3KV rated, (hoping no sparks will jump)


## Testing Arduino as potential gate driver

It can produce ~4V impulses of 90ns, to have ore current you set the whole register (8 pins) to 1 or 0 at once, according to data sheet up to 100mA. Rise/fall times are about 25% of impulse each, Rise/fall time ~20ns. (JDS8000 60MHZ Signal generator ($180) has a rise time of 10ns).
(Ivo's impulses lasted 400-800ns)


// Arduino max freq test.
void setup() {
// PortA as output
  DDRA = B11111111;
}

void loop () {
  PORTA = B11111111;
  PORTA = B00000000;
}

Using Digital port pins 71-78|PA0-PA7 (`PORTA`) (*lower-right corner*)

# Random notes:
## References:

https://open-source-energy.org/?topic=3576.75

## Question on Antenna approach for gating a MOSFET

https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/638834/gating-mosfet-with-an-antenna-adjust-voltage-to-use-only-peak/638838#638838

## VIC
https://danieldonatelli.wixsite.com/hho-pocket-guide/understanding-vic-stanley-a-meyer

https://youtu.be/fxciCZHHAn4?t=2043
[material quality](https://youtu.be/fxciCZHHAn4?t=2533)
[Electron extraction](https://youtu.be/_-hY09qYfhw?t=385)
[Energy recycling](https://youtu.be/_-hY09qYfhw?t=577)

[preventing HHO to form Water again](https://youtu.be/_-hY09qYfhw?t=1258)
[How electron leaves Hydrogen](https://youtu.be/_-hY09qYfhw?t=1370)
[EPG](https://youtu.be/_-hY09qYfhw?t=1855)
[EPG to the point](https://youtu.be/_-hY09qYfhw?t=2106)
[EPG + VIC setup](https://youtu.be/_-hY09qYfhw?t=2438)
[Back to EPG after talking about burn rate of gases](https://youtu.be/-T20Wmjce2E?t=602)
[Crux of EPG, to validate](https://youtu.be/-T20Wmjce2E?t=925)
[amp magnetic field without increading mass](https://youtu.be/-T20Wmjce2E?t=1118)
[over unity fix](https://youtu.be/-T20Wmjce2E?t=1200)
[laser moves the field, not the gas](https://youtu.be/-T20Wmjce2E?t=1425)
[how to make the magnetized gas](https://youtu.be/-T20Wmjce2E?t=1575)
[Iron, Cobalt, Nikel] have magnetic fields is their electron spin in same direction.
Iron and Argon to link by [stripping electrons from Argon's second orbit](https://youtu.be/-T20Wmjce2E?t=1736). Laser to push to outer orbit, voltage to pluck them out. (with Hidrogen gas gun technology). Once outer electrons of Argon are removed we can have covalent bonding with iron atoms. [iron to iron ions?](https://youtu.be/-T20Wmjce2E?t=1943). + [how to iron ions](https://youtu.be/-T20Wmjce2E?t=2202)
[How much voltage, 2k-90k](https://youtu.be/-T20Wmjce2E?t=2078)
Why argon:
Lubricates, anti-static, anti-magnetic

[obsolescence of super conductors](https://youtu.be/-T20Wmjce2E?t=2180)

[what kind of laser excites the electrons?](https://youtu.be/-T20Wmjce2E?t=2030)

[Adjusting burn rate of H](https://youtu.be/_-hY09qYfhw?t=2565) + [continues here](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-T20Wmjce2E)
[size of hoels to prevent back-sparking](https://youtu.be/-T20Wmjce2E?t=559) (15000-25000th of what?

MagneGas paper: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/j100179a022

## Nuances on Voltage generation of inductors
https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/640193/coil-abrupt-discharge-bemf-amplitude

# Open Questions

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pgm7bsyYWMs

Comment I put on the video, in case YT wipes it out:

So the idea a magnetic line loop always surrounds a dielectric force line is inaccurate. Instead magnetism is just a ring vortex of aether (or any vortex for that matter, ring vortex would be a closed loop magnetic tube).
So the scalar wave potentially shot from an open capacitor plate does not have mutually cancelling magnetic loop lines around parallel dielectric lines of force. They are not there at all, since there is no circulation, but rather a shock/pressure wave, where magnetism has no place.
I think I'm finally getting it. But:
* What is the aether, what circulates or creates the pressure in a aether shock wave?
* Why it shows these properties on/around conductors?
* What's the minimum speed and volume of aether that needs to be mobilized to cause a longitudinal propagation? (i.e. duration of half wave/impulse of voltage striking a capacitor plate)
* What's the number of shocks per seconds that would allow the aether to replenish the vacuum between each shock and enable a sustained push of impulses to levitate objects?

* Why resort to a vortex formation (magnetix flux) and all its losses for transformers when we could directly used the dielectric field?
An example being switched capacitor bank. charge in parallel, discharge in series. [paper](http://www.ped.pwr.edu.pl/pdf-90531-31800?filename=A%20COST-EFFECTIVE%20RESONANT.pdf)