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*You can find the full code base here
What is Anchor?
There is a comprehensive explanation on the official website. Let me just quote relative paragraphs here:
Anchor is a framework for Solana's Sealevel runtime providing several convenient developer tools.
If you're familiar with developing in Ethereum's Solidity, Truffle, web3.js, then the experience will be familiar. Although the DSL syntax and semantics are targeted at Solana, the high level flow of writing RPC request handlers, emitting an IDL, and generating clients from IDL is the same.