鍾惠名
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    # 當生物開放資料來到 2020 g0v 雙年會 :::info 撰文:鍾惠名、柯智仁(台灣生物多樣性網絡,特有生物研究保育中心)。 ::: ###### tages:`推廣文宣`、`應用分享` ## 生態保育與開放政府社群 2020年12月,生物多樣性開放資料首次在開放政府社群的雙年會投稿舉辦小型座談。來自南投集集小鎮的特有生物研究保育中心,自嘲為[政府的邊緣人](https://summit.g0v.tw/2020/agenda/2020-12-05/5ef2e905ba206b030d66a333),帶著[台灣生物多樣性網絡](https://www.tbn.org.tw/)(Taiwan Biodiversity Network,簡稱TBN)彙整的 [1000 萬筆](https://www.tbn.org.tw/data/query?ft=withbiotaxonleaf:1)、[989 個資料集](https://www.tbn.org.tw/data/datasets)的生物多樣性開放資料,出發去台南參加[2020 g0v summit 台灣零時政府雙年會](https://summit.g0v.tw/2020/),希望能在這有別以往的場合,碰撞出新的資料應用想法。座談中除了業配自家網站與單位,推廣如何藉由參與不同的公民科學計畫協助生態保育以外,更介紹有關綠色衝突的案例,是如何透過開放的生物多樣性資料,協助光電開發案件的環境與社會檢核機制,篩選出生態敏感度較低的區域,供能源局參考光電板的設置。 ### 綠色衝突的產生 在人類社會的高度發展下,許多野生生物的原始棲地被不同的土地利用方式改變。面對環境的改變,部份野生生物改以廢棄魚塭、埤塘等人造或半人造環境作為替代棲地。然而這些替代棲地現在又面臨了新的壓力。2025非核家園的政策上路,全臺灣再生能源需求急速上升,太陽能光電目標分別為地面型光電至2025年達到 16 GW,屋頂型光電達到 4 GW,而綠能在評估適合發展的地區時,潛在選區常會與前述野生生物的替代棲地高度重疊。其中,臺灣的西南部沿海地帶及養殖魚塭,就是許多國際性遷徙水鳥在秋冬過境台灣時,常常會停留覓食的地方,而若設置地面型光電板,則會使得水鳥可利用棲地面積減少,無他處可去。本意也是尋求降低核災風險與氣候暖化的光電或是其他再生能源,在設置時所引發的能源發展與生態保育難題,就是所謂的綠色衝突。 ### 資訊是降低綠色衝突的關鍵推力 在g0v的座談會中,我們介紹的是濕地光電在[嘉義布袋](https://www.tesri.gov.tw/A15_1/content/32810)的例子。當特生團隊知道光電要設在這個場址時已快要定案了,而當時的TBN尚未變成現在容易取得開放資料的資料庫,所以比較辛苦的,需馬上透過專家意見跟特生自己現有的資料,給予生態保育議題的專家意見陳述。這是第一次特生參與生態保育議題的意見陳述,當時很多主管也去相關部會報告,最後讓嘉義布袋的濕地光電從原預計的 4,314 公頃縮減為 [102 公頃](https://e-info.org.tw/node/215846)。接著是2020年台南將軍的例子,光電申請範圍皆在高生態爭議區,有了嘉義布袋的經驗,透過多個保育團體的聯合聲明及地方聲音,很幸運的,將軍的案子最後被整個[撤案](https://www.chinatimes.com/newspapers/20201108000432-260503?chdtv)。這兩次的經驗是,在議題發生的當下,我們會需要在一兩週內很快的提供全面性生物資訊。而光電等再生能源的開發,若能在越初期時即納入生態保育專家的意見考量,越能避免在計畫後期產生更大的衝突,盡早找出適性的解決方案。 ### 應用開放資料協助環境與社會檢核機制的實作 光電的議題引發了社會多方的關注與討論。在NGO與許多相關單位的努力下,「環境與社會檢核機制」(簡稱環社檢核機制)誕生了,2020年10月,經濟部能源局的「漁電共生推動策略」便將[環社檢核機制](https://sfea.org.tw/)納入。其中在全國魚塭環境的盤點階段,需要先排除高度生態環境敏感的地區(圖1)。這時特生中心則正式運用來自TBN與多個資料庫的生物多樣性開放資料,建立如eBird水鳥熱點、受脅植物分布圖、重要棲地圖資等,協助進行關注物種重要棲地的評估與區位分級。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/sqr8wm1.jpg) **圖1** 環境與社會檢核機制流程 ### 開放社群的反應與回饋 藉由這次的座談,我們希望讓g0v開放社群知道,生物開放資料是真的可以使用而且有人在用的!除了前述的環境社會生態檢核機制外,還有生態調查顧問公司會使用於工程生態檢核及環境影響評估的生態調查等實際應用。同時透過介紹許多方便、有趣的公民上傳平台,如TBN網站上介紹的[眾多公民科學網站](https://www.tbn.org.tw/participation/participation),更希望邀請非生態背景的社群可以用各種方式參與我們的行動。而透過座談討論時間與會後的現場回饋,許多人都提出對於TBN這類生物多樣性開放資料平台如何可以更有效的運用在光電等環境的想像(如促使相關單位開放光電場址的圖資),更有人關注這樣的資料平台如何可以加強臺灣與國際接軌、促進國高中校園的生態保育行動參與、透過新聞媒體(如報導者與READr)推廣生物多樣性資料應用議題,以及企業或議題說客的貢獻或影響等等。甚至還有人提議可以直接揪個黑客松,一起去山上或河邊拍動物,真正的開放社群精神!XD 以上,概要分享這次的開放政府社群遊歷經驗(圖2)。在g0v,共筆是個受歡迎的好東西,所以我們的座談也有現場人士幫忙做了很詳盡的[共筆(包含QA)](https://g0v.hackmd.io/c/summit20/%2F%40summit2020%2FHkz8KPfsD)喔!有興趣的人,歡迎再連進去看看 :D ![](https://i.imgur.com/ZV6rvrn.jpg) **圖2** 特生中心團隊與開放政府社群的人互拼誰比較邊緣。(攝影:鍾惠名)

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