Linux 核心設計
成大課程
contributed by < hbr890627
>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
struct hlist_node { struct hlist_node *next, **pprev; };
struct hlist_head { struct hlist_node *first; };
typedef struct { int bits; struct hlist_head *ht; } map_t;
#define MAP_HASH_SIZE(bits) (1 << bits)
map_t *map_init(int bits) {
map_t *map = malloc(sizeof(map_t));
if (!map)
return NULL;
map->bits = bits;
map->ht = malloc(sizeof(struct hlist_head) * MAP_HASH_SIZE(map->bits));
if (map->ht) {
for (int i = 0; i < MAP_HASH_SIZE(map->bits); i++)
(map->ht)[i].first = NULL;
} else {
free(map);
map = NULL;
}
return map;
}
struct hash_key {
int key;
void *data;
struct hlist_node node;
};
#define container_of(ptr, type, member) \
({ \
void *__mptr = (void *) (ptr); \
((type *) (__mptr - offsetof(type, member))); \
})
#define GOLDEN_RATIO_32 0x61C88647
static inline unsigned int hash(unsigned int val, unsigned int bits) {
/* High bits are more random, so use them. */
return (val * GOLDEN_RATIO_32) >> (32 - bits);
}
static struct hash_key *find_key(map_t *map, int key) {
struct hlist_head *head = &(map->ht)[hash(key, map->bits)];
for (struct hlist_node *p = head->first; p; p = p->next) {
struct hash_key *kn = container_of(p, struct hash_key, node);
if (kn->key == key)
return kn;
}
return NULL;
}
void *map_get(map_t *map, int key)
{
struct hash_key *kn = find_key(map, key);
return kn ? kn->data : NULL;
}
void map_add(map_t *map, int key, void *data)
{
struct hash_key *kn = find_key(map, key);
if (kn)
return;
kn = malloc(sizeof(struct hash_key));
kn->key = key, kn->data = data;
struct hlist_head *h = &map->ht[hash(key, map->bits)];
struct hlist_node *n = &kn->node, *first = h->first;
AAA;
if (first)
first->pprev = &n->next;
h->first = n;
BBB;
}
void map_deinit(map_t *map)
{
if (!map)
return;
for (int i = 0; i < MAP_HASH_SIZE(map->bits); i++) {
struct hlist_head *head = &map->ht[i];
for (struct hlist_node *p = head->first; p;) {
struct hash_key *kn = container_of(p, struct hash_key, node);
struct hlist_node *n = p;
p = p->next;
if (!n->pprev) /* unhashed */
goto bail;
struct hlist_node *next = n->next, **pprev = n->pprev;
*pprev = next;
if (next)
next->pprev = pprev;
n->next = NULL, n->pprev = NULL;
bail:
free(kn->data);
free(kn);
}
}
free(map);
}
int *twoSum(int *nums, int numsSize, int target, int *returnSize)
{
map_t *map = map_init(10);
*returnSize = 0;
int *ret = malloc(sizeof(int) * 2);
if (!ret)
goto bail;
for (int i = 0; i < numsSize; i++) {
int *p = map_get(map, target - nums[i]);
if (p) { /* found */
ret[0] = i, ret[1] = *p;
*returnSize = 2;
break;
}
p = malloc(sizeof(int));
*p = i;
map_add(map, nums[i], p);
}
bail:
map_deinit(map);
return ret;
}
(a) /* no operation */
(b) n->pprev = first
(c) n->next = first
(d) n->pprev = n
(a) n->pprev = &h->first
(b) n->next = h
(c) n->next = n
(d) n->next = h->first
(e) n->next = &h->first
要完成此題,需要觀察 map_add
的部分。
void map_add(map_t *map, int key, void *data)
{
struct hash_key *kn = find_key(map, key);
if (kn)
return;
kn = malloc(sizeof(struct hash_key));
kn->key = key, kn->data = data;
struct hlist_head *h = &map->ht[hash(key, map->bits)];
struct hlist_node *n = &kn->node, *first = h->first;
AAA;
if (first)
first->pprev = &n->next;
h->first = n;
BBB;
}
在 AAA
後,判斷 first
是否存在,而 first
代表的是儲存在這個位置的第一個節點, 若存在,就要將 first
的 pprev
指向新的節點,之後將新的節點更新為新的 first
,最後在執行 BBB
。
少了 AAA
與 BBB
會變成以下的樣子
由此可知,缺少的是設定新節點的 next
以及 pprev
。
AAA : n->next = first
BBB : n->pprev = &h->first
#include <stddef.h>
struct ListNode {
int val;
struct ListNode *next;
};
struct ListNode *deleteDuplicates(struct ListNode *head)
{
if (!head)
return NULL;
if (COND1) {
/* Remove all duplicate numbers */
while (COND2)
head = head->next;
return deleteDuplicates(head->next);
}
head->next = deleteDuplicates(head->next);
return head;
}
COND1 = ?
COND2 = ?
contributed by < hbr890627 > 實驗環境 $ gcc --version gcc (Ubuntu 9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04) 9.4.0 $ lscpu Architecture: x86_64 CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit Byte Order: Little Endian
Jan 12, 2023contributed by < hbr890627 > 題目連結 測驗1 想對二個無號整數取平均值,用以下程式可以避免 overflow ,正常執行。 #include <stdint.h> uint32_t average(uint32_t low, uint32_t high) {
Jan 12, 2023contributed by < hbr890627 > 實驗環境 暫時使用 WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux) $ gcc --version gcc (Ubuntu 9.3.0-17ubuntu1~20.04) 9.3.0 $ lscpu Architecture: x86_64
Jan 12, 2023or
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