Try   HackMD

館長:貓咪大佬
管理員:JunYao、7How
開館日期:2021/11/15

名詞解釋館

  • Pascal
    • 一種imperative language
    • 一種命令式語言
    • 商用語言
  • COBOL : 一種用於商業的程式語言,屬於編譯語言
  • Overloaded operator:給予operator多種意義、用途
  • Subtype:是Subclass,但沒有修改從Superclass繼承下來的method,稱為Subtype
  • Garbage collection:將散落的記憶體回收再利用
  • Lifetime : 變數從allocate到deallocate的時間
  • Strong typing :
    • 執行前就需定義好變數型別的程式語言
    • 在執行前可以檢查出所有type error
    • 不容許隱性的型別轉換,在執行前會檢查出所有type error
  • Polymorphism(多態性):override後仍使用相同名稱,但實作不同
  • Method overriding : 繼承superclass的method使用相同的名稱,但是內容不同
  • Dynamic binding:Runtime時,才會決定變數的型態
  • Coercion:強制改變type,又分:
    • Widening: 轉換後值不改變(int -> float) | Narrowing: 轉換後值會改變(float -> int)
  • Von Neumann bottleneck:CPU 和 Memory 之間的資料傳輸速度比 CPU 執行速度慢,因此資料傳輸速度決定了電腦的速度
  • Von Neumann Architecture:將程式指令記憶體和資料記憶體合併在一起的電腦設計概念架構
  • Static typing:在Compile time時就決定變數的type,且run time時無法被改變
  • Structure type compatibility:
    • 不同的type可以相互轉換/運算
    • 變數的structure完全一樣
  • Union type:
    • 將不同的datatype儲存在同一個記憶體空間的自訂型別
  • Primitive data types:沒有被其他資料類型定義的資料型態
  • Reference types : 可以間接存取記憶體的值的型別
  • Dangling pointers : 指向不合法記憶體位址的指標
  • Name type compatibility:兩個變數擁有相同的宣告或是使用相同的type宣告
  • Array : 相同型態的資料儲存在連續的記憶體
  • Fixed heap-dynamic array:
    • 固定的動態array,在需要使可以new出一個fixed的array
    • Storage binding is dynamic but fixed after allocation
  • Operator associativity rule | Operator precedence rule:
    • 定義同一優先級的operator之間關聯性的規則,如左關聯、右關聯
    • 運算子優先度一樣時,要決定如何運算,如從左到右、從右到左
    • Ex:A+B+C+D
      (((A+B)+C)+D) 左關聯
      (A+(B+(C+D))) 右關聯
  • Ambiguous grammar:相同的句子,可能造出兩種以上的parse tree
  • Smalltalk : A Pure OOP language
    • Everything is objects
  • l-value:
    • variable 的 address
    • 左值就是可以放在賦值操作符(等於=)兩邊的值
  • r-value:暫存值,不會在使用它的運算式之外保存
  • Functional side effect:調用函數時,還對主調用函數產生影響,例如修改全域變數
  • Inheritance:子類別從父類別獲得定義好的屬性和方法
  • Short-circuit evaluation :不用執行全部運算就能得出結果
    • 例:or運算,一個條件成立整個式子就成立
  • Ada :
    • 美國國防部開發
    • 複雜難用
    • 幾乎將所有語言的特色都融入
  • Dynamic scope :
    • Based on calling sequences of program
    • 從calling sequences of program才可以知道scope
  • Static scope :
    • Base on program text
    • 從program text就可以知道scope
  • User-defined ordinal type : 使用者自己定義的有序資料類型,例如C++中的enume

非考古區

  • BNF : 用來描述language的language,一種meta language
  • multi-dimensioned array
    • rectangular : 只有一個指標,指到一塊連續記憶體
    • Jagged : 多個pointer指到1維陣列,形成多維
  • Assosiative array : 透過key去access (Hash)
  • operation 動手做 很複雜
  • Axiomatic 根據邏輯做 也很複雜
  • denotation 根據數學 以function實作
  • Explicit Declaration : 使用前要宣告型別
  • Implicit Declaration : 使用時會自動辨別型別
  • type inferencing : 例 2 (int) 與 2.0f(float)
  • Declaration order : 使用前就要宣告
    • int a; 這行之前都不能用a變數
  • reference counter : 參照計數,記憶體管理技術,是指將記憶體的被參照次數儲存起來,當被參照次數變為零時就將其釋放
  • stack dynamic : 從stack開始allocate,例 遞迴
  • explicit heap dynamic : 從heap開始allocate,一般的動態配置記憶體
  • implicit heap dynamic : cause by assignment ,assign過程中產生的暫時動態配置記憶體
  • Referential transparency : 參照透明度,不更改程序行為的情況下將表達式替換為其相應的值
    • result1 = (fun(a)+b)/(fun(a)-c);
    • temp = fun(a);
    • result2 = (temp+b)/(temp-c);
    • if fun has no side effects -> result1 == result2 => Referential transparency
  • CIR (class instance record) : 存dynamic binding的資訊,EX : vtable(存虛函數的指標)

BNF館 (第2大題)

  • 2019
    Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
    • The image file may be corrupted
    • The server hosting the image is unavailable
    • The image path is incorrect
    • The image format is not supported
    Learn More →
  • 2017
    Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
    • The image file may be corrupted
    • The server hosting the image is unavailable
    • The image path is incorrect
    • The image format is not supported
    Learn More →
  • 2013
    Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
    • The image file may be corrupted
    • The server hosting the image is unavailable
    • The image path is incorrect
    • The image format is not supported
    Learn More →
  • 2011
    Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
    • The image file may be corrupted
    • The server hosting the image is unavailable
    • The image path is incorrect
    • The image format is not supported
    Learn More →
  • 2007(答案是錯的)
    Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
    • The image file may be corrupted
    • The server hosting the image is unavailable
    • The image path is incorrect
    • The image format is not supported
    Learn More →
  • 2006
    Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
    • The image file may be corrupted
    • The server hosting the image is unavailable
    • The image path is incorrect
    • The image format is not supported
    Learn More →

BNF 二館 (第3、4大題)

  • 2019

    Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
    • The image file may be corrupted
    • The server hosting the image is unavailable
    • The image path is incorrect
    • The image format is not supported
    Learn More →

    Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
    • The image file may be corrupted
    • The server hosting the image is unavailable
    • The image path is incorrect
    • The image format is not supported
    Learn More →

  • 2017

    Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
    • The image file may be corrupted
    • The server hosting the image is unavailable
    • The image path is incorrect
    • The image format is not supported
    Learn More →

    Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
    • The image file may be corrupted
    • The server hosting the image is unavailable
    • The image path is incorrect
    • The image format is not supported
    Learn More →

  • 2013

    Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
    • The image file may be corrupted
    • The server hosting the image is unavailable
    • The image path is incorrect
    • The image format is not supported
    Learn More →

    Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
    • The image file may be corrupted
    • The server hosting the image is unavailable
    • The image path is incorrect
    • The image format is not supported
    Learn More →

  • 2012

    Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
    • The image file may be corrupted
    • The server hosting the image is unavailable
    • The image path is incorrect
    • The image format is not supported
    Learn More →

    Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
    • The image file may be corrupted
    • The server hosting the image is unavailable
    • The image path is incorrect
    • The image format is not supported
    Learn More →

  • 2011

    Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
    • The image file may be corrupted
    • The server hosting the image is unavailable
    • The image path is incorrect
    • The image format is not supported
    Learn More →

    Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
    • The image file may be corrupted
    • The server hosting the image is unavailable
    • The image path is incorrect
    • The image format is not supported
    Learn More →

  • 2007

    Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
    • The image file may be corrupted
    • The server hosting the image is unavailable
    • The image path is incorrect
    • The image format is not supported
    Learn More →

  • 2006

    Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
    • The image file may be corrupted
    • The server hosting the image is unavailable
    • The image path is incorrect
    • The image format is not supported
    Learn More →

Weakest precondition館 (第5大題)

  • 2019

    Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
    • The image file may be corrupted
    • The server hosting the image is unavailable
    • The image path is incorrect
    • The image format is not supported
    Learn More →

  • 2017

    Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
    • The image file may be corrupted
    • The server hosting the image is unavailable
    • The image path is incorrect
    • The image format is not supported
    Learn More →

  • 2013

    Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
    • The image file may be corrupted
    • The server hosting the image is unavailable
    • The image path is incorrect
    • The image format is not supported
    Learn More →

  • 2012

    Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
    • The image file may be corrupted
    • The server hosting the image is unavailable
    • The image path is incorrect
    • The image format is not supported
    Learn More →

  • 2011

    Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
    • The image file may be corrupted
    • The server hosting the image is unavailable
    • The image path is incorrect
    • The image format is not supported
    Learn More →

Scoping館 (第6大題)

  • 2019
    Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
    • The image file may be corrupted
    • The server hosting the image is unavailable
    • The image path is incorrect
    • The image format is not supported
    Learn More →
  • 2017
    Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
    • The image file may be corrupted
    • The server hosting the image is unavailable
    • The image path is incorrect
    • The image format is not supported
    Learn More →
  • 2013
    Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
    • The image file may be corrupted
    • The server hosting the image is unavailable
    • The image path is incorrect
    • The image format is not supported
    Learn More →
  • 2012
    Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
    • The image file may be corrupted
    • The server hosting the image is unavailable
    • The image path is incorrect
    • The image format is not supported
    Learn More →
  • 2011
    Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
    • The image file may be corrupted
    • The server hosting the image is unavailable
    • The image path is incorrect
    • The image format is not supported
    Learn More →
  • 2007
    Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
    • The image file may be corrupted
    • The server hosting the image is unavailable
    • The image path is incorrect
    • The image format is not supported
    Learn More →
  • 2006
    Image Not Showing Possible Reasons
    • The image file may be corrupted
    • The server hosting the image is unavailable
    • The image path is incorrect
    • The image format is not supported
    Learn More →