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ERC-4337 Progress report #0

Thursday, July 7, 2022

Hello everyone. We are glad to see work on the ERC-4337 accelerating and also to see new people joining in every day!

Trying to keep everyone in the loop, we will post a bi-weekly progress report for all projects in the ERC-4337 family.

For the first progress report I will just list the projects and components that were created in relation to the ERC-4337 that I am aware of. Please DM me if I have missed anything and I will add it to the document.

  1. UserOp Block Builder Bundler

The main mode of operation for ERC-4337 network requires at least some share of network Block Builders (Miners, Validators, Sequencers etc.) to natively support UserOps into their public P2P mempool and using those UserOps to create a bundle and include an EntryPoint transaction in the block.

Implementations:

Project Language Status Repository
Nethermind C# In progress
Running on Görli		 GitHub
Nethermind Go In progress
Forked from MEV-geth		 GitHub

Help needed:
We need to bring this functionality to a higher number of networks and implementations of Ethereum-based protocols:
Geth, Erigon, Optimism, Arbitrum etc.

  1. UserOp Mempool ERC-4337 Compliance Code Validation

In order to provide DoS resistance, the UserOp mempool must follow the strict rules defined in the ERC-4337. Without those checks, the mempool can be filled with invalid transactions to a point where the Block Builder is stuck. All Block Builder Bundler implementations must have this module.

Implementations:

Project Status
Nethermind Not implemented
  1. UserOp Standalone MEV Bundler

While we are working on a public P2P UserOp mempool, the main advantage of the ERC-4337 can be leveraged by relying on private mempools, such as the ones managed by the Flashbots team. This is a stop-gap solution that allows the ERC-4337 to be 100% functional today.

Status: Help needed. No implementations started yet.

  1. BLS Aggregation Bundler

In order to enable Account Abstraction wallets to use BLS signatures we must also enable the ERC-4337 to support aggregated signatures. We also need a Bundler that is compatible with aggregated BLS signatures.

Status: Help needed. No implementations started yet.

  1. ERC-4337 Client SDK

We want to make integration of ERC-4337 into various wallets and dapps to be as simple as possible. We also want to allow dapps to reuse existing wallets, such as MetaMask, while still benefiting from ERC-4337. In order to do so we will provide and ERC-4337 Client SDK for both wallets and dapps.

Implementations:

Project Language Status Repository
Infinitism TypeScript Early prototype GitHub
Unnamed ERC-4337 Fan Club Project N/A N/A Starting
  1. Aggregated Signature Verification Smart Contract (BLS)

Adding Aggregated Signatures support to ERC-4337 requires a delegation of signature check to an external contract that is not part of a Wallet or EntryPoint specification.

Implementations:

Project Language Status Repository
Infinitism Solidity Early prototype GitHub
  1. EntryPoint Smart Contract

The main contract of the ERC-4337.

Implementations:

Project Language Status Repository
Infinitism Solidity Ready. Audited and deployed.
Missing signature aggregation support.		 GitHub
Stackup Solidity Ready. Not audited. GitHub
  1. Production Grade ERC-4337 Paymasters

The ERC-4337 allows an external contract, named Paymaster, to pay for the transaction execution. We must provide implementations of such contracts for the most common use-cases.

Implementations:

Project Language Status Repository
Infinitism Solidity In progress
First ones ready and audited		 GitHub
  1. Production Grade ERC-4337 ECDSA Proxy Wallet Smart Contract

The main mode of operation for ERC-4337 assumes each user will get their identity represented by a Proxy Wallet. This means that having a secure implementation for such wallet is critical. This also implies that we must guarantee that users' Proxy Wallet addresses will be deterministic and consistent across networks, same as with EOAs.

Implementations:

Project Language Comment Status Repository
Infinitism Solidity Gnosis Safe Module Prototype GitHub
Biconomy Solidity ERC-191 and ERC-1271 signatures In progress GitHub
  1. ERC-4337 BLS Proxy Wallet Smart Contract

Implementations:

Project Language Status Repository
Web3Well Solidity In progress
Relies on custom non-4337 based infrastructure		 GitHub

11.Production Grade ERC-4337 Native Client Wallet

While the ERC-4337 does not specify a signature scheme, dapps relying on MetaMask to use an ERC-191 or ERC-712 signature for the UserOp is not an optimal user experience. We want the Client Wallets to support Proxy Wallet addresses and their UserOp transactions natively with a dedicated standard signature scheme.

Until we can get some old school wallets to add ERC-4337 support, we intend to maintain our own set of Client Wallets with a help from a community.

Implementations:

Project Wallet Type Language Status Repository
Stackup Mobile app TypeScript
ReactNative		 In progress GitHub
Candide Mobile app Dart/Flutter In progress
Code not published		 GitHub
Unnamed ERC-4337 Fan Club Project
(@zengjiajun, @jhfnetboy, @z_cejay, @StaritMe)		 Browser Extension N/A Starting N/A
  1. Documentation and tutorials

Resources:

Authors Name Type Links
Vitalik Buterin, Yoav Weiss, Kristof Gazso et al. ERC-4337 Specification https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4337
Infinitism & ERC-4337 Fan Club Official Documentation ReadTheDocs https://www.eip4337.com/

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ERC-4337 Development Blog
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Bundler Compatibility Test Suite Announcement

Hello everyone in the ERC-4337 community! 2022 has been a great year for Account Abstraction. We have come a long way, from an early idea to multiple implementations from different teams, with numerous established companies as well as new startups betting on ERC-4337 becoming the next big thing for Ethereum! We are happy to announce that the latest revision of ERC-4337, as well as the EntryPoint implementation, has reached "release candidate" status and will be in code freeze, pending results of a scheduled security audit. You can read the full release notes of this version here: https://github.com/eth-infinitism/account-abstraction/releases/tag/v0.4.0 MAJOR ANNOUNCEMENT! We strongly believe the best way to achieve the goals of ERC-4337 is through a unified network of bundlers and clients. This is why we are also announcing the Bundler Compatibility Test Suite: https://github.com/eth-infinitism/bundler-spec-tests . This set of tests verifies that different Bundlers are able to communicate properly and defend themselves against DoS attack vectors. The tests verify that compliant Bundlers propagate only valid UserOperations through the mempool, handle signature aggregation correctly, prevent UserOperations from accessing restricted storage slots and opcodes, etc. Non-compliant Bundlers are at risk of being attacked and losing money. We encourage all Bundlers to pass all tests in order to defend themselves against DoS attacks and to remain compatible with the mempool shared by all other ERC-4337 Bundlers. Our team will maintain a list of compatible Bundler implementations and our website will provide links to all the compatible bundlers that pass the tests. The reference implementation of the Bundler that is compliant with the Test Suite has already been finalized and has been published to Dockerhub. This Bundler is not intended for use in production, but rather as a reference to other bundler implementations. You can read the full release notes of this version here: https://github.com/eth-infinitism/bundler/releases/tag/v0.4.0 Thanks to everyone who has been contributing to the ERC-4337 related projects for your great work this year. We are looking forward to continuing the collaboration with all the great projects in the Account Abstraction space and hope to have even more of your feedback and input going forward.

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ERC-4337 Progress report #2

ERC-4337 Progress report #2 Thursday, August 4th, 2022 Hello everyone. Over the last two weeks, we have focused on tweaking some changes we are making to the ERC-4337 based on some feedback we have got from the community. However, there are still some great news to celebrate: Stackup, the ERC-4337 powered wallet, has launched. You are invited to congratulate the team and read their announcement on Product Hunt. Good luck!

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ERC-4337 Progress report #1

ERC-4337 Progress report #1 Thursday, July 21, 2022 Hello everyone. It has been two weeks since the previous post, and we are glad to announce a major improvement to the ERC-4337 that will be crucial for adoption of Account Abstraction, especially for Layer 2 networks: adding support for Aggregated Signatures. The core benefit of signature aggregation is that instead of passing and verifying a signature for each individual UserOperation in a bunde, we only need to pass a single signature that verifies the entire bundle of UserOperations. If this verification passes, it means that all signatures in a batch were in fact valid, and if there was a single invalid signature in a batch the aggregated signature verification will fail as well. This way we save a lot of crucial calldata size, which is the major part of trasnaction cost for L2 networks. Signature aggregation promises a great savings in both calldata and, eventually, execution gas, and going from "Account Abstraction gives you more flexibility but costs a little bit more gas" to "Account Abstraction gives you more flexibility AND saves you gas" will help us eventually overtake the EOAs.

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