陳冠穎
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    # 決賽:現階段我國應該開放以基因編輯技術訂製胎兒 ## 對方引導性很強, ### Schedule ~ 5/24:brainstorm(想到什麼就寫出來),找資料 *19:00 Google meet 開會,請大家說出自己的idea,確立初步論點 5/24~5/28 找資料 5/28 晚上:確立論點,開始專精的找資料 5/28~5/30:針對性地找資料 5/30 19:00 Google Meet 開會:檢視資料,討論論點細部、一辯稿架構 5/31 開會前 寫出一辯稿的初版本 5/31 22:00 Google Meet 一辯稿討論 會後寄給宸熏看 6/02 晚上:和說研社社長討論 6/04 晚上:檢討討論會的內容,修正一辯稿 6/06 19:00 Google Meet 確認一辯稿,練習辯論一次,決定兩場的辯士 6/07 19:00 Google Meet 以比賽陣容練習辯論 6/09 晚上:(和說研社社長討論(最好可以模擬辯論) 6/10 生物課:檢討討論會的內容、確認一辯稿、資料、論點、攻防事項 6/10 晚上:處理好資料 6/11 放學:資料全部印好 6/11 晚上、6/12早上專題(if available)比賽前最終討論、資料處理 6/12 決賽(一整個下午) ### 資料 https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1f5zVZ8WSIvOsjFrSLePidRfw-nnGo7vGB8SIZgBiIgE/edit?usp=drivesdk ### 正方一辯稿 https://docs.google.com/document/d/1-kQO3jEP7XYvgfiMDSN42P47TKOLBccvEoIU44bLnJs/edit?usp=drivesdk ### 反方一辯稿 https://docs.google.com/document/d/11goVt3UMybCk3gJVfbD2NGKF7ez6CFbcfPgwaUZiX-g/edit ## 論點 ### 正方 1. 放在遺傳諮詢 2. 用穩一點的技術,做正面表列 3. example : prime editing (lower freedom, higher accuracy) 4. 人體研究法第12條第三項規定研究對象為胎兒時由母親決定 5. 好處:不用花治療的錢(讓低收入家庭免於負擔)、讓高機率有該疾病的患者有健康的可能、這是一個可長期發展並且有未來展望的遺傳技術 血友病 記得切掉(辯論技巧強) 蠶豆症 #### 椰果 1. ~~幫助人類對抗特殊傳染病~~ 2. 對於遺傳疾病患者給予希望 3. 只適用於嚴重的缺陷上 4. 嚴重的缺陷必須由醫師、社會等各方面都共同認同才可 5. CRISPR技術下,成本降低不少(1%、y→w) 6. 可以降低日後的醫療成本 #### U7 1.提升整體人類效能、品質 2.挑選精子、卵子早已在進行,基因庫早已被影響 3.就和優生學一樣,事實證明社會的進步,而訂製胎兒則更上一層 4.就和流產一樣,且若流產可以有一套可行法規,訂製胎兒也可以 問個問題 科普影片能截圖來當資料ㄇ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jAhjPd4uNFY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k1a2larfMIA 反方結辯 在《訂製完美:基因工程時代的人性思辨》這本書中有這麼一段話 公平、正義原本就是個不容易有完美答案的議題,若是再加上尚未被明確而妥善規範的新科技所衍生出的規範時,更顯得棘手。更有甚者,當我們遇上的高科技是足以改變我們自身遺傳物質的基因科技時,所引發的爭議與論戰就不是只從現今的狀況、科技的應用範圍、政府的規範、宗教與哲學、倫理道德等的角度能解決。於是,常常產生各說各話而無法充分溝通的狀況,終致成為有心的政治人物誤導人民的工具,或無知的決策者禍延子孫的無心之過。 因此,若是現在我們突然的開放訂製嬰兒的技術到社會中,所影響、造成的負面效果,將會向漣漪一般,從產生輿論、真正應用到徹底改變我們對自然、甚至對我們自身的想法,無論法律怎麼樣的完善、技術如何的發達,影響的層面絕不只是基因,而是遠超我們所想像的,遠超我剛剛所提到的一切,因此我們不該用任何方式臆測開放後的未來,甚至是量化他,也就是因為如此我方認為在現階段一切都還是未知的狀況下不該開放基因訂製胎兒。 正方結辯 在《訂製完美:基因工程時代的人性思辨》這本書中有這麼一段話 然而,純粹的公平、正義真的存在嗎?也就是說,有可能從任何角度看起來都是公平與正義的嗎?我相信,就算有,也只有在極少數的特例中。至於在絕大多數的情境中應該並不存在絕對的標準。那遇到關係重大的議題時,我們又該如何是好呢?此外,追求重大議題的公平與正義時到底要追求到甚麼程度?一定要追求到百分之百的極致嗎?而在追求的過程中,我們願意付出多少代價或成本呢?一定要不計代價地追求嗎? 從剛剛這段話中,我們可以發現開放、接納一個技術重點不是純粹真正的正義,而是在我們可以做到的範圍裡,改善人類的生活,難道要因為一個錯誤、一次的失敗就放棄嗎?難道要因為癌症療程不一定成功就禁止嗎?難道要因為試管嬰兒剛開始時有不被接納的情形就從最初不去接觸、不去開發嗎?純粹的正義早就不存在了,我們該想的、該做的是在承擔不公平的風險下,這麼做究竟在現在、在未來有沒有辦法增加人類福祉,無論是多麼微小的差異都要去追求才是真正身為決策者該做的,而在現在看來,用法律來規範並同時提升技術,不論在現階段、在未來都有相當的益處,而若現階段不開放,不僅放棄了現階段的益處,亦斷送了未來更多的可能性,因此我方支持現階段開放基因訂製胎兒,不僅僅是為了現在,更是為了將來。 #### 小謙 1. 失敗就剁掉 #### 秉謙 孤兒病 #### 子緹 1. 用成保險形式(不做成健保)(高價格) 2. 正面列舉可以基因訂製的-->藥很貴或沒辦法治癒 3. 提供一個選擇 4. 提供嘗試的機會 ### 反方 1. 風險 2. 得到的人更慘(脫靶的) 3. 演化、基因庫 4. 現階段不開放,以後再開放 5. 配套措施:胚胎植入前遺傳篩選 6. 可以激活其他基因,使其產生新缺陷,甚至將此缺陷帶入人類基因庫 7. 急迫性、必要性、效益 Crispr 基因療法 #### 椰果 1. 貧富差距的問題 2. 正常由誰來定義? 3. 社會的汙名化(不正常的人更被歧視) 4. 對基因庫的衝擊 5. 負面的優生學 6. We're not born different anymore 7. 配套措施:精卵庫 8. 危險且無法預測-->我們還沒準備好 9. CRISPR脫靶 #### U7 1.CRISPR是訂製胎兒必須的技術,但是在治療疾病的方面直接利用該技術就好 2.影響人類基因庫,未來影響未知 3.基因多樣性 4.若基因被視為理所當然,想讀書的孩子責怪父母不選智商等,若其他人也能經過訂製得到相同的孩子,父母與孩子間的連結又是什麼 5.高生活水準不關懷弱勢,因為基因決定人生,努力造就基因 6.開放研究(備而不用) #### 小謙 1. 有可能影響到原本應正常運作的基因 2. 是否可以訂製有疾病的胎兒 3. 目前能用的只有20幾種 #### 秉謙 #### 子緹

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