Christopher N. Warren
Does the name Lola Montez ring a bell? Maybe Eliza Gilbert or Countess Marie von Landsfeld? (They're all the same person). If not, you're in for a treat. The woman the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography calls an "adventuress in Latin America" was born in Ireland, buried in Brooklyn, and for thirty-nine years in the middle lived one of the most extraordinary lives of the 19th century. For shorthand, consider: this dancer and courtesan who charmed and scandalized audiences worldwide appears not only in the ODNB but five other national biographical dictionaries besides (German, Australian, American, Irish, and Italian.)
Montez, who once more or less toppled a Bavarian government, also travelled to Spain, St. Petersburg, Riga, San Francisco, and Sydney, marrying no fewer than three times while fitting in affairs with Franz Liszt, Alexandre Dumas, and King Ludwig I. She kept a pet bear, stage-whipped an Australian newspaper editor, and once successfully avoided arrest by taking off all her clothes. While she and a male travelling companion were sailing near Fiji, the companion was lost overboard under mysterious circumstances. He was but one of several Montez acquaintances to die mysteriously.
I first encountered Lola Montez thanks to a recent podcast from the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Listening to her fascinating life story, which intersected with -- at a minimum -- fifteen different countries, I was struck that this dictionary of national biography included such rich detail about a woman whose life was so profoundly international.
This made me wonder, not only about Lola Montez but about all the people in the ODNB with international biographies--people whose lives, like Montez', overran the historiographical convenience of the nation. In the ODNB are many curates and MPs whose contributions to British history mainly happened within the British Isles, but the Dictionary also includes a vast number of crusaders, merchants, explorers, migrants, refugees, evangelists, scholars, and empire-builders. By looking systematically at the ODNB's places, I wondered, could Britain's Dictionary of National Biography teach us about other countries too? Could it tell us how elite and notable Britons, in aggregate, saw the world?