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    # 次文化的歷史意義與文化意義 ## Metadata data : 2022-11-20-Sunday aliass : [] Reference :: Card type :: #Zettl ## 正文 在談論宅文化時,通常以ACG為稱呼,有時也加上小說的N。不過,王威智指出,ACG一詞乃是由2000年代次文化評論團體傻呼嚕同盟所創造並使用,再而向外擴散至更大的華文圈, 顯示台灣曾經的傳播中心地位。 王威智指出,ACG研究是一被發明的領域,從觀察外國次文化研究方面,研究者往往以anima、comic、game任意單一領域為研究,而以台灣自身為觀察,亦可以發現以單一領域為分割的研究方向。因此ACG研究一稱呼,無疑在稱呼上有其特殊的歷史意義。此外,次文化研究的稱呼,也在今年的ACG文化研究協會被固化。 ~~似乎,本次演講大致是順著次文化研究中評論家東浩紀的著作<動物化的後現代>中的脈絡~~ 如東浩紀所稱,宅文化早已成為大眾文化,然而仍然相對於主流文化存在地位落差。王威智稱次文化確實具有誤導性,首先,宅的受眾早已擴展到極廣,FF同人展的人數往往及多、場內的消費力也不虞小覷。其次,產值上,VT的流行使得所有人都可以輕易的查覺到其價值,如Cover旗下Hololive的粉絲時常比較的SC數。 王威智提出次文化的研究,著重點在受眾和作品之間的關係是什麼。 日本的研究者自很早開始即從事宅文化研究,時至今日,已經具有很強的研究積累。其中較早的兩位研究者,大塚英志與東浩紀分別提出物語消費論與資料庫動物將次文化現象予以理論化。大塚英志站在後現代主義的立場,主張宅文化消費的並非意識形態(大敘事)而是一個個的故事(小故事),故事不再需要完整且原創的架構,而能夠依託現有的故事而創作出新的故事,使得同人作品(二創)這種在傳統上是消費者的普通人,轉而也成為創作者。而東浩紀的理論,則部分順著物語消費但更為拓展與細緻化,他所提出的問題是,當我們的大敘事崩解後,我們消費的仍然是故事嗎?對於此問得解答,東浩紀所給出了他的答覆,資料庫動物。所謂資料庫動物,即人們將角色乃至故事給拆解成單個的符號,受歡迎的符號則進入資料庫成為元素,在角色被創造出來時,便是將資料庫中複數的元素加以組合而成。儘管東浩紀在物語消費論上更近一步的提出資料庫動物,然而資料庫動物仍然存在著假如兩個角色都具有同樣元素組合,究竟要如何決定誰更受歡迎?此一缺陷體現了大塚英志與東浩紀的理論並非上下、前後之關聯,而是偏重點不同的互補理論。第三位接續的評論者是1980年代出生的宇野長寬,宇野與前兩位的最大差異在於年齡,生長在後現代的他,要比兩人更徹底的~~擺爛~~受到後現代主義的影響,他認為透過剖析後現代現狀尋求解放可能的自命清高,是對後現代的庸俗解釋,宇野所認為的後現代,用一句話形容便是只要我想要有什麼不可以。對現實的絕對解放,固然有物質科技的支持,元宇宙、VR都能帶來更高一層的解放,然而,在虛構的世界中的自我編寫,終究要受到現實的桎梏。王威智說。無論在虛擬世界完成如何的成果,人終究有吃喝拉撒的需求,一旦從虛擬回到現實,科技所帶來得解放感便會轉為空虛感,人們能夠由此體會到鑲嵌在肉身背後的權力。這種從解脫到空虛的轉換,說明了要想另解放成立,則需要排除許多現實的要求,將劃定範圍才能得到解放、避免空虛。 簡述日本次文化研究者的理論後,王威智將主題帶到了次文化作為現實的媒介,分述為兩部分,其一是聖地巡禮,轉化自宗教的概念,以及衍生的地方創生,如搖曳露營、佐賀偶像是傳奇都透過虛擬故事與真實場景的編織帶動地方觀光;其次則是次文化如何反應社會問題,如近期的孤獨搖滾,舉重若輕的將繭居族問題帶入受眾視野。 王威智引用了宇野常寬對於次文化所具有的對社會的兩個層次作用,其一是徹底的科幻,如太空歌劇類型的作品;二則是能夠引導受眾去想像可能性的作品,具有更強的即時性。 接著,次文化的話題有數個重點,如文本間的互相引用,即彩蛋;類型分析;討論不同作者各自以自身出發所展現的美學關懷的作者論;主題論,如職人劇;技術論;產業論。

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