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應用零知識證明 - 梁智程 === ###### tags: `COSCUP2020` `中階` `TR413-1` {%hackmd 7CD4pdKQTa2p6Y3VqH3VrQ %} > 請從這裡開始 零知識證明的應用: 隱私 - 運算(只要看輸出就知道結果) - 現在是同步都算一次 - 零知識證明,只要其他人跑簡短的證明,就可以過關 輕量級的範例: - 匿名投票 - 證明你已經滿足投票資格,但不洩漏身份訊息 - Covid-19 test - 證明陰性,不洩漏你在哪檢驗的 - 混幣器 - 證明存過一些幣到合約,但不告訴你是哪些 ZK SNARK 訊息大小較短 不需要多次溝通 證明者無法欺騙驗證者(只要資源有限) 架構與做法不斷在被提出來 如何挑選與設計? 一定要有的: - soundness - 證明者無法用錯誤的陳述說服驗證者 - Completeness - 對於所有正確的陳述,證明者都有辦法可以說服驗證者 效能指標: - Proof Size - Proving time - Verifing Time 需要簡報,沒看完 XD 產出資料時,會有 Toxic Waste 可以透過它產出假證明 解法:多方運算,讓取得 Toxic Waste 的成本超高 ## 寫零知識證明: circom 這個程式語言 ## 應用:匿名登入 只知道是已註冊者之一,但不知道是誰 ## 應用:匿名打賞 連是誰給的都不知道 放在智能合約裡,文章作者產出對應的 hash 取走 ## MACI 抗共謀投票 並不是匿名投票 是投票者可以在投票後再取消投票,並且投另一個對象 (透過更換 公私鑰對) 這樣可以騙過買票者。導致買票被騙光 (但還是有反制方法)

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