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自由/開源授權的 ABC - Florence T.M. Ko 葛冬梅 === ###### tags: `COSCUP2020` `入門` `TR209` {%hackmd 7CD4pdKQTa2p6Y3VqH3VrQ %} > 請從這裡開始 > (C) 葛冬梅, 簡報採用「創用CC 姓名標示 4.0 國際」授權。 odp檔下載: https://pretalx.com/media/coscup2020/submissions/EZNXBG/resources/20200801_0802_COSCOP2020_20200801_talk_fl_RhkekXp.odp pdf檔下載: https://pretalx.com/media/coscup2020/submissions/EZNXBG/resources/20200801_0802_COSCOP2020_20200801_talk_fl_YfMYinA.pdf ## Free Software * 1980's Richard Staliman 開始的概念 四大自由:執行、修改、再次散佈、修改後的版本再散布給他人 最重要就是要讓Source Code能被取得 由於創作保護主義,因此創作完成就產生著作權 所以讓衍生著作採相同方式授權,就可讓原始碼能處於自由散佈的狀態 稱為:Copyleft 著佐權,輔佐著作權 成立自由軟體基金會FSF 落實結果: * GPL(GNU General Public License) * LGPL(GNU Lesser General Public License) * FDL(GNU Free Document License) * AGPL(GNU Affero General Public License) ### GPL * 共有 3 版 * Linux kernal 用 GPL 2.0 * 可使用、修改、重製、散佈 * 散佈時須保留所有原始聲明、附上授權條款全文、需附上原始碼及取得方式、必須標注修改者與修改日期、衍生程式必須以GPL授權 * 原則上:沒有散佈,沒有義務、單純使用(無修改),單純散佈 ### LGPL * 針對函式庫的條款 * 讓商業軟體在單純引用LGPL的函式庫時,不必跟著開放原始碼 * 若有修正函式庫,才需要開放釋出 ### AGPL * 針對網路服務 * **透過網路提供服務等同散布** ### MPL * 針對檔案授權,每個檔案有自己的授權 ### 挑幾個條款來說說 * WTFPL-2(相容GPL) * 分類 1. 經典的(常見、有組織支持) * OSI (常見)九種條款 * GPL類(光譜左端):大家必須要一直自由 * GPL * LGPL * BSD類(光譜右端):幾近無拘無束的自由 * 學術型,較簡單 * BSD-3-Clause * BSD-2-Clause * MIT - MIT License * * 增加商業配置,明示專利 * Apache-2.0 * 其他類(光譜中間):有點自由又不會太自由 * MPL-2.0 * CDDL-1.0 * EPL-2.0 * CPL ## GNU Project * 挑戰:像共產黨、商業軟體怎麼辦 * 因此 Free Software 變成今日的 Open Source(十項定義) ## 使用上的注意事項 * 單純使用無義務 * 有修改就註記修改的地方,以及修改時間 * 散佈時,保留所有聲明、附上授權條款全文、視情況提供原始碼 * 視授權規定來提供衍生的源碼,或提供取得方式。 * 是:AGPL, GPL, LGPL, MPL, CDDL, EPL... * 否:BSD, MIT, Apache.... * 修改當下,了解授權內容,並決定自己的源碼要不要給其他人(個人興趣?朋友合寫?商業產品?)

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