# 測試的作用域
---
- describe 與 test 的執行優先順序:
👉 **decribe 比 test 早執行**,且執行方向為由上往下。
--
以官方的範例程式碼進行觀察:
- describe 數量:總體結構上是最外層的 `describe` (describe outer) 作用域,內層包覆兩個 `describe` (describe inner 1 | describe inner 2)
- test 數量共計三個,位置及上下順序分別於:
- test 1 :describe inner 1 內層
- test 2:describe outer 內
- test 3 :describe inner 2 內層
```javascript
describe('describe outer', () => {
console.log('describe outer-a');
describe('describe inner 1', () => {
console.log('describe inner 1');
test('test 1', () => console.log('test 1'));
});
console.log('describe outer-b');
test('test 2', () => console.log('test 2'));
describe('describe inner 2', () => {
console.log('describe inner 2');
test('test 3', () => console.log('test 3'));
});
console.log('describe outer-c');
});
```
最後觀察其印出的成果:
```jsx
// describe outer-a
// describe inner 1
// describe outer-b
// describe inner 2
// describe outer-c
// test 1
// test 2
// test 3
```
**describe 會比 test 早執行,且印出的順序是依序由上往下**
---
- Jest 提供的生命週期:
- `beforeAll(fn, timeout)` :在該區域最一開始執行一次
- `beforeEach(fn , timeout)`:在該區域每個測試運行前值一次
- `afterEach(fn, timeout)`:在該區域每個測試執行完時都執行一次
- `afterAll(fn, timeout)`:在該區域所有測試都執行完後運行一次
describe 與 test 與生命週期的執行順序:
最後來拆解官方程式碼進行執行順序的觀察:
```jsx!
beforeAll(() => console.log('1 - beforeAll'));
afterAll(() => console.log('1 - afterAll'));
beforeEach(() => console.log('1 - beforeEach'));
afterEach(() => console.log('1 - afterEach'));
test('', () => console.log('1 - test'));
describe('Scoped / Nested block', () => {
beforeAll(() => console.log('2 - beforeAll'));
afterAll(() => console.log('2 - afterAll'));
beforeEach(() => console.log('2 - beforeEach'));
afterEach(() => console.log('2 - afterEach'));
test('', () => console.log('2 - test'));
});
// 1 - beforeAll
// 1 - beforeEach
// 1 - test
// 1 - afterEach
// 2 - beforeAll
// 1 - beforeEach
// 2 - beforeEach
// 2 - test
// 2 - afterEach
// 1 - afterEach
// 2 - afterAll
// 1 - afterAll
```
- 單獨以全域情況下來看執行順序會是:`beforeAll` > `beforeEach` > `test` > `afterEach` > `afterAll`,而 beforeAll 、 afterAll 只會在最初及最後個別調用一次。
- 當全域與區域都有執行 `beforeEach` 時**全域**會比**區域**的更早調用
- 當全域與區域都有執行 `afterEach` 時**區域**會比**全域**的更早調用
瞭解測試的作用域之後,能更幫助在撰寫測試時的思考思路!!
---
參考文章
https://jestjs.io/docs/setup-teardown
https://jestjs.io/docs/27.x/api#beforeeachfn-timeout
https://medium.com/enjoy-life-enjoy-coding/unit-test-替測試設置分類-describe-及作用域-scoping-2c5082266ca
https://shawnlin0201.github.io/Jest.js/Jest-004-setup-teardown/
https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/articles/10222357