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Visualizations and the grammar of graphics

Learning objectives

  • Identify the importance of graphics in communicating information
  • Define the layered grammar of graphics
  • Demonstrate how to use layered grammar of graphics to build Minard's graph of Napoleon's invasion of Russia
  • Practice generating layered graphics using ggplot2

April 8, 2020

Lecture Notes

The important of data visualization

  • Really helpful sometimes to visualize the data rather than to just observe the raw data
    • Visualize patterns

Grammar

  • Must obey the rules of grammer to form a coherent language
  • Grammar of Graphics: "The fundamental principles or rules of an art or science"
  • ggplot2 uses this grammar in R -> layered grammar of graphics

Example: Minard's map

  • Utilizes line and color
  • Can we define this visualization using the grammar of graphics?

Building Minard's map in R

  • troops and cities data frames representing different kinds of information
  • Minard's grammar: troops (latitude, longitude, survivors, advance/retreat), cities (latitude, longitude, city name)
    • layer, scale, coordinate system, faceting

Building Minard's map in R solutions on the CFSS website

  • Layer defines all the major visual elements
  • Scale allows us to change the asethetic appearance of those elements
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Computing for the Social Sciences (Spring 2020)
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