Benjamin Gelineau
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    # TP2 - Augmentation de la résilience d’un réseau à l’aide du STP et de LACP ## Rappels théoriques - Que signifie le terme SPOF et que désigne-t-il ? ``` Un SPOF (Single Point Of Failure) est un point qui peut être identifié dans une infrastructure ou une architecture donnée comme étant critique pour cette infrastructure dans le cas où celui-ci vient à défaillir. ``` - Expliquer comment il est possible de supprimer des SPOF sur un réseau informatique. ``` La redondance est le moyen le plus efficace pour supprimer les spofs: Redondance symétrique : il s’agit de mettre deux exemplaires d’un même équipement ou processus à l’opposé dans l’espace. Redondance asymétrique : le matériel ou le processus de secours n’est pas le même que le SPOF. Redondance modulaire : faire dévier le SPOF d’un système à un autre. Redondance évolutive : consiste à isoler l’élément défaillant et utiliser le reste du système. ``` ## Mise en place du spanning tree ### Rappels théoriques: - Qu’est-ce qu’une tempête de broadcast, et comment cela se produit-il ? ``` La cause la plus courante est une boucle (circuit) ethernet dans la connexion avec des commutateurs réseau (c'est-à-dire plusieurs chemins existent entre les postes). Comme les trames de diffusion sont transmises sur tous les ports, les commutateurs suivants vont retransmettre les trames déjà reçues, et donc saturer le réseau. Comme la couche niveau 2 sur les entêtes ethernet ne contient pas de TTL (durée de vie limitée), les trames vont transiter indéfiniment. ``` - Schéma d'une boucle réseau entrainant une tempête de broadcast: ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HyMAJ6LYa.png) <hr> ### Etapes préliminaires - Interconnectez vos switchs comme indiqué sur le schéma en annexe. Pour le moment chaque switch ne sera relié qu’au moyen d’un seul lien réseau. ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HJQTbTLta.png) - Positionnez maintenant deux postes de travail sur deux switchs différents. Tentez un ping ICMP entre les deux postes que constatez vous ? ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/rJ3zVp8YT.png) Schéma du réseau comme demandé. Nous essayons de ping le VPC6 (10.0.0.10) et VPC7 (10.0.0.11): ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/S1s_76IFT.png) - Nous observons que le ping ne passe pas à cause d'une tempête de broadcast. ### Mise en œuvre du protocole spanning tree : - lisez dans un premier temps la documentation proposée sur le site de CISCO2, et expliquez brièvement le fonctionnement du protocole. ` Le protocole Spanning Tree empêche les boucles de se former en fermant tous les chemins possibles, sauf un, pour chaque paquet de données. ` ``` Switch>en Switch#conf t Switch(config)#spanning-tree mode rapid-pvst Switch(config)#exit Switch#sh spanning-tree VLAN0001 Spanning tree enabled protocol rstp Root ID Priority 32769 Address aabb.cc00.1000 This bridge is the root Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Bridge ID Priority 32769 (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 1) Address aabb.cc00.1000 Hello Time 2 sec Max Age 20 sec Forward Delay 15 sec Aging Time 300 sec Interface Role Sts Cost Prio.Nbr Type ------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- ------------------------------ -- Et0/0 Desg FWD 100 128.1 Shr Et0/1 Desg FWD 100 128.2 Shr Et0/2 Desg FWD 100 128.3 Shr Et0/3 Desg FWD 100 128.4 Shr ``` - Je réalise cette manipulation pour mes 5 switchs et je test de nouveau de ping : ``` VPCS> ping 10.0.0.10 84 bytes from 10.0.0.10 icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.061 ms 84 bytes from 10.0.0.10 icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=1.394 ms 84 bytes from 10.0.0.10 icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=1.357 ms 84 bytes from 10.0.0.10 icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=1.060 ms 84 bytes from 10.0.0.10 icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=1.712 ms ``` ### Mise en œuvre de l’agrégation de liens #### Rappels théoriques - Quel est l’intérêt d’agréger des liens réseau ? ``` L'agrégation de liens offre les avantages suivants : Fiabilité et disponibilité accrues. Si l'une des liaisons physiques tombe en panne, le trafic est réaffecté de manière dynamique et transparente à l'une des autres liaisons physiques ``` #### Mise en œuvre du protocole EthercCannel : - Nous doublons tous les liens : ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/Hy6fVx_KT.png) - Nous mettons en place le protocole etherchannel sur les 5 switchs ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/B1CVA2y96.png) ``` Switch1# conf t Switch1(config)# interface range ethernet 0/0, ethernet 0/2 Switch1(config-if-range)# channel-group 1 mode active Switch1(config-if-range)# exit Switch1# conf t Switch1(config)# interface range ethernet 0/1, ethernet 0/3 Switch1(config-if-range)# channel-group 2 mode active Switch1(config-if-range)# exit ``` - Vérification de la configuration: ``` Number of channel-groups in use: 2 Number of aggregators: 2 Group Port-channel Protocol Ports ------+-------------+-----------+--------------------------------------------- -- 1 Po1(SU) LACP Et0/1(P) Et0/3(P) 2 Po2(SU) LACP Et0/0(P) Et1/0(P) ``` - Nous passons nos interfaces en mode trunk: ``` Switch(config-if-range)#swit Switch(config-if-range)#switchport en Switch(config-if-range)#switchport enc Switch(config-if-range)#switchport mod Switch(config-if-range)#switchport mode en Switch(config-if-range)#switchport mode ? access Set trunking mode to ACCESS unconditionally dot1q-tunnel set trunking mode to TUNNEL unconditionally dynamic Set trunking mode to dynamically negotiate access or trunk mode private-vlan Set private-vlan mode trunk Set trunking mode to TRUNK unconditionally Switch(config-if-range)#switchport trunk en Switch(config-if-range)#switchport trunk encapsulation do Switch(config-if-range)#switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q Switch(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk ``` - Je vérifie la configuration ``` Port Vlans allowed on trunk Et0/2 none Et1/0 1-4094 Et1/1 1-4094 Po2 1-4094 Port Vlans allowed and active in management domain Et0/2 none Et1/0 1,41-46,61-63,100-103,110,666 Et1/1 1,41-46,61-63,100-103,110,666 Po2 1,41-46,61-63,100-103,110,666 Port Vlans in spanning tree forwarding state and not pruned Et0/2 none Et1/0 1,41-46,61-63,100-103,110,666 Et1/1 1,41-46,61-63,100-103,110,666 Po2 1,41-46,61-63,100-103,110,666 ``` Nous observons que nos vlan sont bien autorisés sur les interfaces. # Protection périmétrique, cloisonnement interne et MSTP - Nous ajoutons à l'architecture le firewall demandée: ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/Bkqq5ll96.png) - Nous configurons les vlans comme demandées: ``` 2960-RG(config)#vlan 2 2960-RG(config-vlan)#name BE 2960-RG(config-vlan)#ex .... ``` - Nous vérifions la configuration sur les switchs: ``` VLAN Name Status Ports ---- -------------------------------- --------- ------------------------------- 1 default active Et1/0, Et1/1, Et1/2, Et1/3, Po1 Po2 41 BE active 43 CPTA active 44 RH active 45 DIR active 46 DSI active 61 PRINT active 62 CAM active 63 VOIP active 100 SRV_TECH active 101 SRV_COMM active 102 SRV_BE active 103 SRV_MGMT active 110 INVITES active 666 ISOLATION active 1002 fddi-default act/unsup 1003 token-ring-default act/unsup 1004 fddinet-default act/unsup 1005 trnet-default act/unsup ``` - J'attribue un vlan a deux pc: pc1: ``` VLAN Name Status Ports ---- -------------------------------- --------- ------------------------------- 1 default active Et1/1, Et1/2, Et1/3, Po1, Po2 41 BE active 61 PRINT active Et0/2 63 VOIP active 1002 fddi-default act/unsup 1003 token-ring-default act/unsup 1004 fddinet-default act/unsup 1005 trnet-default act/unsup ``` pc2: ``` VLAN Name Status Ports ---- -------------------------------- --------- ------------------------------- 1 default active Et1/1, Et1/2, Et1/3, Po1, Po2 41 BE active Et0/2 61 PRINT active 63 VOIP active 1002 fddi-default act/unsup 1003 token-ring-default act/unsup 1004 fddinet-default act/unsup 1005 trnet-default act/unsup ``` - Je test un ping entre les deux machines ``` VPCS> ping 10.0.0.11 host (10.0.0.11) not reachable ``` - Configuration du paramétrage inter-vlans ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/BySlsLfoa.png) - Je test le bon fonctionnement de la règle: ``` VPCS> ping 10.0.0.10 84 bytes from 10.0.0.10 icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=3.400 ms 84 bytes from 10.0.0.10 icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=4.186 ms 84 bytes from 10.0.0.10 icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=5.828 ms 84 bytes from 10.0.0.10 icmp_seq=5 ttl=64 time=5.274 ms ``` - Configuration mstp: ``` S1(config)#spanning-tree mode mst S1(config)#spanning-tree mst configuration S1(config-mst)#revision 1 S1(config-mst)#name INSTANCE1 S1(config-mst)#instance 1 vlan 46,100,103,110 S1(config-mst)#exit ``` - Configuration du CARP le CARP = Partage d'adresse ip afin de redonder une machine Configuration sur l'interface LAN et WAN LAN: ![images](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/r1oFLIfoa.png) WAN: ![images](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/BJ-JwIfsa.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/rJz7DLGjp.png) - Forcer l'utilisation des adresses IP virtuelles ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/BJRfuLfjp.png) - Synchronisation de la configurations du second pfsense ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/rybxFIGi6.png) ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/B1zmtUGo6.png) ![image2](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/Bkc49IGsT.png)

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