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    # Brainfuck 學習筆記 :::info :information_source: 作者 @bloodnighttw @WavJaby ::: {%hackmd BJrTq20hE %} <style> .ui-comment-app .open-comments{ background-color: #1e1e1e; } pre{ margin-bottom: 0 !important; } p{ margin: 10px 0 !important; } </style> :::danger :warning: 警告 :warning: 此語言相當的簡單 但是可讀性相當的差 腦波弱的相當建議不要來學 另外 可以搭配以下 IDE使用 https://github.com/wmww/BrainfuckIDE ::: ## 基本的語法 - ``+`` - 在當前所在的記憶體值+1 例如: 今天我的brainfuck程式碼如下 ```= ++++ ``` 記憶體則會出現以下狀況 ``` |3|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|...... ↑ ``` 因為沒有移目標記憶體 所以會在第0位加 - ``-`` - 當前所在的記憶體值-1 例如 今天我的brainfuck程式碼如下 ```= ++++-- ``` 記憶體會出現以下狀況 剛開始有四個+,因為沒有移記憶體,所以會在第0位加到四。 ``` |4|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|...... ↑ ``` 接著,因為有兩個 - 且沒有移記憶體,所以會把第0位減到二。 ``` |2|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|...... ↑ ``` - ``>`` - 把目標的記憶體向右移 例如 我的brainfuck程式碼如下 ```= >+++ ``` 會先將目標記憶體往右移一格,在+1三次,所以結果會如下 ``` |0|3|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|...... ↑ ``` - ``<`` - 記憶體向左移 跟 ``>`` 很像,不過是向左移,假如我的程式如下 ```= >+++<++ ``` 會先將目標記憶體往右移一格,在+1三次,所以結果會如下 ``` |0|3|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|...... ↑ ``` 接著向左移一格,並加上一兩次 ``` |2|3|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|...... ↑ ``` - ``.`` - 印出當前的值 (對應到 ascii code) 這邊請參考 ascii code所對應到的字元 ![](https://i.imgur.com/ms7kR4y.png) 假如今天的記憶體狀況長這樣 ``` |33|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|0|...... ↑ ``` 今天再加個``.``,就會印出驚嘆號``!`` Example code here: ```= ++++++++++ ++++++++++ ++++++++++ +++ . 這邊有33個加號 ``` - ``[`` 和 ``]`` - 相當於while loop `[`如果當前記憶體為非零則執行`[]`內程式,否則跳過。 `]`如果當前記憶體為非零則回到他的`[`,否則跳出迴圈。 - ``,`` - 把當前input的東西存入當前記憶體 ## 當程式碼過長的解法 <!-- :::spoiler Hello World --> :::success 使用 `.` 印出來的值是使用當前記憶體位置對應的Ascii Code。 像是 `++++++++++ ++++++++++ ++++++++++ +++.` 會印出 `!` ,因為在當前記憶體位置的數值是 *33*,對應的ASCII就是 `!` 。 但是如果我們要列印 `e` 的時候寫 101 個 ``+`` 是非常不實際的,所以我們需要用Brainfuck的loop功能。 ::: ### 乘法的概念 ```= ++++++++++[>++++++++++<-]> ``` 這段程式碼會將記憶體0的位置設置為10,接著執行`[]`內的內容 1. `[` 如果記憶體0(當前位置)之數值大於0,執行 `[]` 內的程式;否則跳過 `[]` 。 2. `>` 記憶體位置+1 3. `++++++++++` 將記憶體1的值增加10 4. `<-` 向左移動,將記憶體0的值-1 5. `]` 如果記憶體0(當前位置)之數值大於0,回到他的`[`,否則跳出迴圈 結果:每次執行記憶體0數值-1,記憶體1數值+10,當記憶體0數值為0跳出迴圈,迴圈總共執行10次,故記憶體1數值為100。 所以當我們要印出`e`的時候就只要10x10+1就可以完成了 ```= ++++++++++[>++++++++++<-]>+. 輸出 e ``` ## 練習 ### 印出 hello world :::spoiler Hello world 解答 :warning: 最佳解參考維基百科 :D ```javascript= //建立ASCII 10 30 100 7 ++++++++++[>+>+++>++++++++++>+++++++<<<<-]> //Hello >>>++. <+. +++++++.. +++. //space <++. //World >>>+++++[<+++>-]<. <. +++. ------. --------. //! <+. ```

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