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    # Bifrost 如何打造跨链 StakeFi 生态 ###### tags: `Marketing` Bifrost 是一个为 Staking 提供跨链流动性的 Web3 基础设施,通过跨共识通信协议(XCM)为多链提供去中心化、可跨链的 liquid staking 服务。从2021年10月21日上线 Kusama 平行链以来总计铸造 $137M 的衍生品,所提供流动性为 $11.04M,链上持有地址 81,297 个,共完成 333,921 笔签名交易。 概览 Bifrost 公布的 2022 Roadmap,这仅是 Bifrost 平行链上线不到半年以来的一小步,如何打造一个可跨链的 StakeFi 生态并从中捕获价值,是 Bifrost 所面临的更大挑战。该跨链 StakeFi 的价值捕获可以从 Bifrost 推出的 Staking 衍生品协议 SLP (Staking Liquidity Protocol) 和插槽竞拍流动性协议 SALP (Slot Auction Liquidity Protocol) 两个 Staking 衍生品流动性协议说起。 ## Staking Liquidity Protocol ### 收益冲突 Staking Liquidity Protocol 简称 SLP,是 Bifrost 为 Polkadot 生态、Cosmos 生态以及其他桥接异构链等 Proof of stake 共识链提供的 Staking 衍生品协议。该协议将通过跨共识消息通信格式 XCM 广播来进行跨链 Stake 互操作的调用,来铸造完全去中心化的 Staking 衍生品。 由于 PoS 共识 Token 可以通过 Stake 来产生收益,必然导致部署在该生态的 DeFi、GameFi、LearnFi 等应用收益会与链底层 Staking 收益产生进行竞争的局面,这将会为 PoS 共识链的生态应用发展带来巨大挑战。随着以太坊 2.0、 Polkadot 以及 Cosmos 等高市值 PoS 共识链的兴起,该冲突所带来的生态发展问题会日益严重。 ### Staking 衍生品协议 Bifrost SLP 通过提供一个带息的衍生品中间层来解决这个底层共识与生态应用收益冲突的问题,支持 SLP 协议的生态应用可以为用户提供自身业务收益的同时为用户提供 Staking 收益保障,提升整体收益基础。用户可以通过铸造衍生品的方式间接参与到 Staking 质押当中来,降低用户 Staking 参与门槛,而 PoS 共识链则会获得更高的质押比例,提升网络的共识安全性。 Bifrost SLP 基于 XCM 跨共识通信格式搭建,具备与各平行链、合约、公链跨链通信的能力,实现衍生品去中心化铸造的同时,也更易于该衍生品应用场景的搭建。衍生品的铸造过程将通过跨链互操作聚合在 Bifrost 平行链,而非分散在多链不同合约,将其流动性进行聚合,提供更具备竞争力的深度和滑点。 而验证人集的选举过程则由标准化的自动策略与治理议会配合完成,为各类 PoS 共识链提供高效且去中心化可治理的验证人集选举标准。相较于目前 ETH 2.0 衍生品规模最大的 Lido,Bifrost 优势主要体现在跨链互操作、流动性聚合、治理标准化等三个方面。而 Bifrost 作为 PoS 共识与其生态应用不可或缺的中间层,将从 Staking 收益产生、验证人集选举权、衍生品流动性手续费等方面为 Bifrost 捕获价值。 ## Slot Auction Liquidity Protocol ### 插槽竞拍与机会成本 Slot Auction Liquidity Protocol 简称 SALP,是 Bifrost 为 Polkadot 和 Kusama 插槽竞拍提供衍生品的协议。目前已经支持了共计 9 条 Polkadot 平行链和 11 条 Kusama 平行链的成功竞拍,共计铸造 1,774,509 vsDOT 和 174,667 vsKSM。 Polkadot 通过插槽竞拍将安全性便宜的租赁给其他平行链项目,其提供安全共享的同时还为平行链提供了一套跨共识通信协议,方便平行链、中继链以及外部链进行任意消息通信。平行链为了享受这个服务,需要提供两年的 DOT 流动性锁定作为租赁费用。而平行链出于流动性及冷启动资金规模的原因,往往会通过分发代币的方式来向社区用户支付这部分锁定 DOT 的利息。 因此,插槽竞拍形成了 Polkadot、平行链、社区用户三方博弈的 StakeFi 经济模型。这其中,竞拍插槽的平行链项目所支付的代币能否超过 DOT 锁仓所损失的机会成本(价格波动、Staking 收益),成为了社区用户是否能够通过插槽竞拍来盈利的关键。 所以 DOT 锁仓带来的两年机会成本需要在插槽竞拍的那一刻作出决定,这对决策带来了巨大的难度挑战,过高的决策门槛也阻碍了大量新用户持续的参与到插槽竞拍当中去,此时,如何降低用户决策难度,降低锁仓 DOT 的机会成本,就产生了巨大的需求和价值。 ### 流动衍生资产 vsToken & vsBond 社区用户可以通过 SALP 参与指定平行链项目的插槽竞拍,而原本需要锁仓两年的 DOT 可以通过 SALP 铸造成带有流动性的 vsDOT 和 vsBOND,其中 vsDOT 是锁定 DOT 的赎回凭证,vsBOND 则代表赎回凭证开启赎回的时间。通过 vsDOT 与到期 vsBOND 组合,就能 1:1 赎回 DOT,而 vsBOND 因为到期时间不同,则会产生不同的折价,这部分折价则代表着为流动性提供者支付的贴现收益。而这就产生了一个 vsDOT 的债券市场,同时满足了流动性提供者套利需求和社区用户的流动性需求。 根据目前 SALP 协议运行情况观察,通过插槽竞拍铸造的 vsDOT 两年期债券,其中贴现年化率最高可以达到 40%,同时由于该债券的全额储备,不存在承兑风险,这是一个低风险、可持续、长周期的可靠收益,相较于同等风险等级的其他 DeFi 项目,收益非常可观,而收益源头则来自于 Polkadot 插槽竞拍,通过 SALP,间接的让更多资金参与到了 Polkadot 插槽竞拍的这个生态体系中,而 Bifrost 作为债券市场的撮合平台,将从启动捕获贴现、流动性等手续费用。 ## 结语 根据 2022 Roadmap,Bifrost 将以 SLP 和 SALP 协议为抓手,为波卡中继链、平行链,以及与波卡桥接的异构公链提供标准化可跨链的带息衍生品(vDOT,vETH,vFIL,vGLMR,vSOL etc.),降低用户 Staking 门槛、提升多链质押比例、提高生态应用收益基础,打造用户、多链、生态应用三方赋能、正向循环的 StakeFi 生态。

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