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    # 面試題目收集 ###### tags: `interview` ###### tags: `5xruby` ###### tags: `resource` ## Git - [Git 面試題(gitbook)](https://gitbook.tw/interview) ## SQL - 什麼是 SQL Injection ## Ruby > [11/03(discord)](https://discord.com/channels/748042598983401482/748046752870826045/773203300022878208) > 高見龍: 話說,今天有第五屆的同學去某家公司面試,裡面有幾題是這樣的: > > - 請問在 Ruby 裡的 String 跟 Symbol 有什麼不同 > - 請問 Rack 跟 Rails 的關係是什麼 ## html/css --- ## JavaScript - [JS面試題(github-lydiahallie)](https://github.com/lydiahallie/javascript-questions) - [JS面試題(github-sudheerj)](https://github.com/sudheerj/javascript-interview-questions) --- # 其他/綜合 - [18銅人訓練題(5xruby)](https://github.com/5xTraining/TrainingPrograms/blob/master/T101.md) - [面試題目(5xruby_2017)](https://discord.com/channels/748042598983401482/748046752870826045/782895130709065749) # Ruby & RoR ### 1.Ruby 跟 Rails 有什麼不一樣? ##### Ruby是一套程式語言,在1995年由松本行弘所創立的,Ruby語言物件化徹底,大多數東西都是物件。而Rails是一套框架,這套框架能夠在短時間內開發出網頁,是由DHH所開發的,這套框架有1.慣例優於設定(專案的⽬錄結構、資料表的關連及命名等)、2.不要做重複的事的特點,過去DHH在2005曾經有15分鐘內開發出blog的經驗。 ### 2.您為什麼會喜歡 Ruby ? ### 3.您覺得 open source 的好處是什麼? 壞處是什麼? ### 4.您從其它程式語言轉到 Ruby 之後,覺得最大的差別是什麼? ### 5.試說明在 Ruby 裡常數(constant)跟變數(variable)的差別。 ##### 常數是大寫英文字母開頭,不需要特別宣告,包括類別與方法都為常數。常數的內容可以做修改,或者整個更換(會出現警告訊息);變數同樣不需要宣告,又可分區域變數、全域變數、實體變數,其中只有實體變數與全域變數的預設值為nil,最後還有虛擬變數(nil,false,true,self) ### 6.試說明實體方法(instance method) 跟類別方法(class method) 的差別。 ##### 實體方法與類別方法的差異為作用的對象不同,實體方法是作用在實體上,而類別方法是作用在類別上。在Ruby中定義的方式也不同,定義類別方法則需要以self開頭或使用class << self裡面再包方法,而實體方法則不用。 ### 7.什麼是Rack? ##### Rack 提供了一個介面,讓你的 Ruby 程式可以與 Web Server 之間進行溝通,從最簡單的 Ruby 程式,到輕量級的 Ruby 框架(例如 Sinatra),甚至是本書一直在介紹的 Rails,說到底它們都是一種 Rack 的應用程式。就是提供一個能夠回應 call 方法的物件,並且回傳一個包含以下三個元素的陣列: HTTP 狀態(數字型態,例如正常回應是 200、找不到頁面是 404、伺服器錯誤是 500)。 HTTP Header(Hash 型態)。 Body(陣列型態,或是只要是個可以回應 each 方法的物件也可)。 ### 8.試說明在 Ruby 裡 public、protected 與 private method 的差別 ##### Ruby裡面預設為Public方法,任何種類都能存取它;而private方法則不能明確的指出接收者是誰,只有類別內部與子類別能存取。三種方法都可以在class內部被呼叫。只有public方法能在外部被呼叫。在內部呼叫private方法的時候不能夠有receiver,而protected方法則沒有這種限制。 ### 9.試說明類別(class)與模組(module)的差別。 ##### 兩者在類別方法上沒有差別,但在實體方法上類別比模組多了可以「產生實體」的能力以及「繼承」的能力。類別可以new出一個實體,模組不行;只有類別可以繼承,兩者都為大寫常數。 ### 10. 在 Ruby 引入模組有兩種方式:include 跟 extend,請問這兩個方法的差別? ##### include是為實體方法,作用在類別new出來的實體上;而extend則是作用在類別方法上

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