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Internal validity: chance, bias, confounding
What is internal validity
Chance
Null hypothesis
An example of Null Hypothesis
Alpha and beta errors
- The image file may be corrupted
- The server hosting the image is unavailable
- The image path is incorrect
- The image format is not supported
Learn More →- The image file may be corrupted
- The server hosting the image is unavailable
- The image path is incorrect
- The image format is not supported
Learn More →Before planning the study
After completion of study
Interpretation of p-value
How do reject the null
Alternative approach
You rule out the play of chance
Hands-on practice with sample size calculator
Example
Bias
Selection Bias
Example of selecion bias
Response Bias
Example of Response Bias
Steps to eliminate bias
Confounding
Illustration of confounding
Example of confounding
Control for confounding
Summary