An FPU (Floating-Point Unit) is a specialized part of a microprocessor that performs floating-point arithmetic operations—like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division—on real numbers (with decimals).
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What Is Floating-Point Arithmetic?
Floating-point numbers represent real numbers (e.g., 3.14, -0.001, 2.718) in a format that allows a wide range of values.
They're commonly used when:
- High precision is required
- Very small or very large numbers are involved
- Decimal calculations are necessary
What Is an FPU?
FPU = Hardware component that accelerates math operations involving:
- float (32-bit floating-point)
- double (64-bit floating-point)
- Scientific or engineering computations
Why and When Do You Need an FPU?
You need an FPU when your application includes:
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Without an FPU?
If your MCU has no FPU, floating-point operations are done in software, which is:
- Much slower
- More power-hungry
- Larger in code size
Example: An STM32F103 (Cortex-M3, no FPU) is much slower at float math than an STM32F407 (Cortex-M4, FPU).
STM32 Example
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Summary
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