# 2023-12-02 Python入門實作班 上課記錄
## 目錄
[2023-12-02](#2023-12-02)
[2023-12-09](#2023-12-09)
[2023-12-16](#2023-12-16)
## 2023-12-16
#### 函式
```python=
import keyword
print(keyword.kwlist)
def show():
print('Hello', end='')
print(' function')
show()
show()
show()
show()
show()
show()
show()
show()
show()
show()
```
#### 函式參數
```python=
def plus(a, b):
print(f'a = {a}')
print(f'b = {b}')
print(f'總合為: {a + b}')
plus(1, 2)
plus(99, 77)
plus('aa', 77)
```
```python=
def plus(a, b):
try:
int(a)
int(b)
print(f'a = {a}')
print(f'b = {b}')
print(f'總合為: {a + b}')
except ValueError:
print('輸入了錯誤型態的資料')
plus(1, 2)
plus(99, 77)
plus('aa', 77)
```
```python=
def plus(a, b):
if type(a) is int:
print(f'a = {a}')
print(f'b = {b}')
print(f'總合為: {a + b}')
else:
print('參數必須為int型態')
plus(1, 2)
plus(99, 77)
plus('22', 77)
```
```python=
def plus(a, b):
if isinstance(a, int):
print(f'a = {a}')
print(f'b = {b}')
print(f'總合為: {a + b}')
else:
print('參數必須為int型態')
plus(1, 2)
plus(99, 77)
plus('22', 77)
```
```python=
def plus(a, b):
if isinstance(a, (int, float)):
print(f'a = {a}')
print(f'b = {b}')
print(f'總合為: {a + b}')
else:
print('參數必須為int型態')
plus(1, 2)
plus(99, 77)
plus(2.2, 77)
```
```python=
def say_hello(name):
print(f'Hello, {name}')
say_hello('Aaron')
say_hello('Apple')
say_hello('Andy')
```
```python=
def check(num):
if num % 2 == 0:
print('偶數')
else:
print('奇數')
check(321)
check(999)
check(1322)
```
```python=
def plus(a, b):
# print(f'{a + b}')
return a + b
a = plus(1, 2)
b = plus(3, 4)
print(a)
```
#### 產生連續數字
```python=
def gen_num(num):
print( ' '.join( [str(n) for n in list(range(1, num + 1))] ) )
gen_num(9)
gen_num(5)
```
#### 變數交換
```python=
a = 3
b = 4
def swap(a, b):
return b, a
a, b = swap(a, b)
print(a)
print(b)
```
#### 階乘函式
```python=
def factorial(num):
result = 1
for n in range(2, num + 1):
result *= n
return result
print(factorial(4))
print(factorial(6))
print(factorial(10))
print(factorial(100))
```
#### 參數預設值
```python=
# 參數預設值
# 有預設值的參數右邊全部參數都需要有預設值
def show_me(name, age = '無資料', phone = '無資料', address = '無資料'):
print(f'姓名: {name}')
print(f'年齡: {age}')
print(f'電話: {phone}')
print(f'地址: {address}')
show_me('aaron', 99, '0987654321')
```
#### 指定參數
```python=
def show_me(name, age = '無資料', phone = '無資料', address = '無資料'):
print(f'姓名: {name}')
print(f'年齡: {age}')
print(f'電話: {phone}')
print(f'地址: {address}')
show_me(phone='我的電話', name='aaron')
print('aaa', end='')
```
#### 一級函式
```python=
def plus(a, b):
return a + b
c = plus
print( c(6, 7) )
```
#### callable
```python=
def plus(a, b):
return a + b
c = plus
# print( c(6, 7) )
if callable(c): # 可以被呼叫
print(c(1, 3))
else:
print('c不是函式')
```
#### lambda函式呼叫
```python=
print( (lambda num: '偶數' if num % 2 == 0 else '奇數')(999) )
```
#### dict
```python=
a = {3: 99, 'name': 'aaron', True: 88}
a['name'] = 'andy' # 修改資料
a['abc'] = 777 # 新增一筆資料
del a['name']
print(a[3])
if a['name'] in a:
print(a['name'])
print(a[True])
print(a)
```
```python=
a = {3: 99, 'name': 'aaron', True: 88}
a['name'] = 'andy' # 修改資料
a['abc'] = 777 # 新增一筆資料
del a['name']
print(a[3])
if 'name' in a:
print(a['name'])
print(a[True])
print(a)
for n in a:
print(f'key={n}, value={a[n]}')
print(list(a.keys()))
print(list(a.values()))
```
#### 不定長度參數
```python=
def count_all(*args):
total = 0
print(type(args))
for a in args:
total += a
return total
print(count_all())
print(count_all(1, 2, 3))
print(count_all(1, 2, 3, 4, 5))
print(count_all(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7))
```
```python=
num_filter = lambda *args: [n for n in args if n % 2 == 0]
print(num_filter(1, 2, 3, 4, 5))
print(num_filter(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7))
print(num_filter(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0))
```
```python=
a = {3: 88, 'name': 987, 'ok': 'hello'}
print(3 in a)
print(987 in a.values())
```
#### 模組
###### hello.py
```python=
def func1():
print('方法一號')
def func2(a, b):
print(f'方法二號: {a}, {b}')
username = 'aaron'
if __name__ == '__main__':
func1()
func2(1, 2)
print(__name__)
```
###### callmodule.py
```python=
import hello
hello.func2(99, 88)
hello.func1()
hello.func1()
print(hello.username)
```
#### 另一種模組import方式
```python=
# import hello
# hello.func2(99, 88)
# hello.func1()
# hello.func1()
# print(hello.username)
from hello import func1
from hello import func2
from hello import username
func1()
func2(44, 55)
print(username)
```
## 學生成績管理系統
```python=
# 學生成績管理系統
# 主功能:
# 1. 管理學生成績
# - 新增學生成績
# - 刪除學生成績
# 2. 查詢學生成績
# - 依姓名查詢
# - 查詢全部
#
# (資料存檔，資料讀取，CSV格式)
import csv
# 學生所有資料
grades = {}
# 主程式
def student_system():
load()
while True:
print('--------------------------------')
print('學生成績管理系統')
print('--------------------------------')
print('1. 管理學生成績')
print('2. 查詢學生成績')
print('3. 離開')
user_input = input('=> ')
# 離開系統
if user_input == '1':
# 進入管理頁面
management()
elif user_input == '2':
# 進入查詢頁面
query()
elif user_input == '3':
print('Bye~')
break
else:
print('無效的輸入')
# 管理頁面
def management():
while True:
print('--------------------------------')
print('管理學生成績')
print('--------------------------------')
print('1. 新增學生成績')
print('2. 刪除學生成績')
print('3. 離開')
user_input = input('=> ')
if user_input == '1':
# 進入新增
add_grade()
elif user_input == '2':
# 進入刪除
del_grade()
pass
elif user_input == '3':
break
else:
print('無效的輸入')
def query():
while True:
print('--------------------------------')
print('查詢學生成績')
print('--------------------------------')
print('1. 查詢全部成績')
print('2. 姓名查詢成績')
print('3. 離開')
user_input = input('=> ')
if user_input == '1':
# 進入查詢全部
query_all()
elif user_input == '2':
# 進入姓名查詢
query_by_name()
elif user_input == '3':
break
else:
print('無效的輸入')
def add_grade():
name = input('請輸入學生姓名: ')
no = input('請輸入學號: ')
mandrin = input('請輸入國文成績: ')
englith = input('請輸入英文成績: ')
math = input('請輸入數學成績: ')
# 新增一筆資料到字典
grades[name] = [no, mandrin, englith, math]
# 存檔
save()
print('新增完成')
print(grades) # 測試用，確認資料
def del_grade():
name = input('請輸入學生姓名: ')
if name in grades:
del grades[name]
save()
print('刪除成功')
else:
print('查無此人')
def query_all():
for name in grades:
print(f'姓名: {name}, 學號: {grades[name][0]}, 國文: {grades[name][1]}, 英文: {grades[name][2]}, 數學: {grades[name][3]}')
def query_by_name():
user_input = input('請輸入學生姓名(部分即可): ')
for name in grades:
if user_input in name:
print(f'姓名: {name}, 學號: {grades[name][0]}, 國文: {grades[name][1]}, 英文: {grades[name][2]}, 數學: {grades[name][3]}')
# 存檔
def save():
with open('student_system.csv', 'w', encoding='utf-8', newline='') as file: # 打開一個可寫入的檔案
# 取得可寫入csv格式的物件
writer = csv.writer(file)
# 寫入標題
writer.writerow(['姓名', '學號', '國文', '英文', '數學'])
for key in grades:
data = [key]
data.extend(grades[key])
writer.writerow(data)
# 讀檔
def load():
with open('student_system.csv', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:
reader = csv.reader(file)
# 跳過第一筆資料
next(reader)
for row in reader: # ['aaron', '1234', '98', '88', '76]
grades[row[0]] = row[1:]
print(grades)
student_system()
```
## 2023-12-09
#### if...elif...else
今日運勢:
```python=
import random
# 0 = 今天會撿到錢
# 1 = 今天會加薪
# 2 = 今天中統一發票
# 3 = 今天沒事發生
# 4 = 今天有人請你吃飯
result = random.randint(0, 4)
if result == 0:
print('今天會撿到錢')
elif result == 1:
print('今天會加薪')
elif result == 2:
print('今天中統一發票')
elif result == 3:
print('今天沒事發生')
else:
print('今天有人請你吃飯')
```
#### 今日穿搭建議
```python=
import datetime
weekday = datetime.date.today().weekday()
if weekday == 0: # 星期一
print('星期一: 今天適合穿藍色')
elif weekday == 1: # 星期二
print('星期二: 今天適合穿紅色')
elif weekday == 2: # 星期三
print('星期三: 今天適合穿黃色')
elif weekday == 3: # 星期四
print('星期四: 今天適合穿綠色')
elif weekday == 4: # 星期五
print('星期五: 今天適合穿紫色')
elif weekday == 5: # 星期六
print('星期六: 今天適合穿彩色')
else: # 星期日
print('星期日: 今天適合穿黑色')
```
#### 猜拳遊戲
```python=
import random
pc = random.randint(0, 2) # 0 = 剪刀, 1 = 石頭, 2 = 布
game = ['剪刀', '石頭', '布']
print(f'電腦出: {game[pc]}')
user = int(input('請出拳(0 = 剪刀, 1 = 石頭, 2 = 布): '))
print(f'你出了: {game[user]}')
if pc == 0 and user == 1:
print('你贏了')
elif pc == 0 and user == 2:
print('你輸了')
elif pc == 1 and user == 0:
print('你輸了')
elif pc == 1 and user == 2:
print('你贏了')
elif pc == 2 and user == 0:
print('你贏了')
elif pc == 2 and user == 1:
print('你輸了')
else:
print('平手')
```
#### 函式注意事項
```python=
a = [11, 22, 33]
sum2 = 4 + 5
del sum # 刪除掉變數
result = sum(a)
print(result)
```
#### 索引切片
```python=
a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0]
print(a[-2:-7:-2])
print(a[::len(a)-1])
print(a[1::3])
```
#### range
```python=
a = range(9, 5, -1)
print(list(a))
a = range(-1, -4, -1)
print(list(a))
```
結果:
```bash=
[9, 8, 7, 6]
[-1, -2, -3]
```
#### 2的九九乘法表
```python=
for i in range(1, 10):
print(f'2 x {i} = {i*2}')
```
#### 可以猜三次的猜數字遊戲
```python=
import random
# 隨機0~5之間的整數
answer = random.randint(0, 5)
for i in range(1, 4):
user = int( input('請猜一個數字(0~5): ') )
if user == answer:
print(f'猜對了, 你總共猜了{i}次')
break
else:
print(f'猜錯了, 剩下{3-i}次')
```
#### for comprehension
一般寫法:
```python=
a = [33, 42, 57, 80, 17, 66]
b = []
for score in a:
if score < 60:
b.append(score + 10)
print(b)
```
for comperhension寫法:
```python=
a = [33, 42, 57, 80, 17, 66]
print([score + 10 for score in a])
```
#### 單行if
```python=
import random
pc = random.randint(0, 2)
print(pc)
user = int(input('猜一個數字(0~2): '))
print('猜對了' if pc == user else '猜錯了')
# if pc == user:
# print('猜對了')
# else:
# print('猜錯了')
```
#### for comprehension + 單行
```python=
a = [33, 42, 57, 80, 17, 66]
print([score + 10 for score in a]) # 全部加10分
print([score + 10 if score < 60 else score for score in a]) # 只有不及格的加10分
print([score + 10 for score in a if score < 60]) # 只有不及格的加10分, 且只保留不及格的分數
```
#### set
```python=
a = {1, 2, 3, 4} # set
a.add(5)
a.add('aaron')
a.add('aaron')
a.add(3)
a.add(2)
a.remove(5)
a.remove('aaron')
# del a[9]
for i in a:
print(i)
```
```python=
a = {1, 2, 5, 7, 9}
b = {3, 4, 9, 10, 12}
print(a - b) # 差集
print(a & b) # 交集
print(a | b) # 聯集
print(a ^ b) # 對稱差集
```
#### 打包與解包
```python=
a = (1, 2, 3,)
print(a)
a = (1, 2, 3)
print(a)
a = 1, 2, 3,
print(a)
a = 1, 2, 3
print(a)
a = (5,)
print(a)
a = (5)
print(a)
a = 5,
print(a)
a = 5
print(a)
a = (1, 'a', 44, 99, 'hello')
a, b, c, d, e = a # 解包 unpack
print(a)
print(b)
print(c)
print(d)
print(e)
a = a, b, c, d, e # 打包(pack)
print(a)
a, *b, c = a
print(a)
print(b)
print(c)
a = (1, 'a', 44, 99, 'hello')
a, b, *c = a
print(a)
print(b)
print(c)
a = (1, 'a', 44, 99, 'hello')
*b, c = a
print(b)
print(c)
```
#### 完整九九乘法表
```python=
for outer in range(2, 10):
for inner in range(1, 10):
print(f'{outer} x {inner} = {outer * inner}')
```
#### 畫星星
```python=
for i in range(1, 6):
for j in range(1, i + 1):
print('*', end='')
print()
for i in range(1, 6):
print('*' * i)
```
#### 例外捕捉
```python=
import random
pc = random.randint(0, 3)
a= []
try:
print(a[1])
except IndexError:
print('存取list失敗')
for times in range(1, 4):
try:
user = int(input('請猜一個數字(0~3): '))
except ValueError:
print(f'輸入錯誤, 還剩{3-times}次')
continue # 取消剩下的程式碼執行，直接進入迴圈的下一次
if pc == user:
print(f'猜對了，總共猜了{times}次')
else:
print(f'猜錯了，還剩{3-times}次')
```
#### while迴圈
```python=
user = []
while True:
user_input = input('請輸入數字(quit=停止輸入): ')
if user_input == 'quit':
break
else:
try:
user.append(int(user_input))
except ValueError:
print('輸入錯誤，請重新輸入!')
print(f'總和: {sum(user)}')
```
#### 猜數字遊戲
```python=
import random
a = ['0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9']
answer = random.sample(a, 4)
answer = ''.join(answer)
print(f'答案: {answer}')
guess_count = 0 # 紀錄總共猜了幾次
while True:
user = input('請猜0~9之間的四位數字(數字不可重覆): ')
guess_count += 1 # 次數加1
# 檢查使用者輸入的是不是數字
try:
int(user)
except ValueError:
print('錯誤，只能輸入數字')
continue
# 檢查是不是四個數字
if len(user) != 4:
print('數字必須是四位數')
continue
# 檢查數字有沒有重覆
if len( set(user) ) != 4:
print('數字不可重覆')
continue
# 猜對了，遊戲結束
if answer == user:
print(f'猜對了，遊戲結束，總共猜了{guess_count}次')
break
# 判斷幾A
how_many_a = 0
if answer[0] == user[0]:
how_many_a += 1
if answer[1] == user[1]:
how_many_a += 1
if answer[2] == user[2]:
how_many_a += 1
if answer[3] == user[3]:
how_many_a += 1
# 判斷幾B
how_many_b = 0
if user[0] in answer and user[0] != answer[0]:
how_many_b += 1
if user[1] in answer and user[1] != answer[1]:
how_many_b += 1
if user[2] in answer and user[2] != answer[2]:
how_many_b += 1
if user[3] in answer and user[3] != answer[3]:
how_many_b += 1
print(f'{how_many_a}A{how_many_b}B, 已經猜了{guess_count}次')
```
## 2023-12-02
## 輸出
```python=
print('Hello Python')
```
```python=
print('Hello', 'Python', end='')
print('今天天氣很好')
```
## 輸入
```python=
print('Hello Python')
print('第二行程式碼')
a = input()
print('你剛剛輸入了:', a)
```
## 註解
```python=
print('Hello Python')
a = input('請輸入姓名:')
b = input('請輸入年齡:')
c = input('請輸入性別:')
# 這是註解
print('你的名字:', a, ', 年齡:', b, ', 性別:', c) # 這是註解
```
> `Ctrl` + `/` 可以將選取的程式碼變成註解
## 字串格式化: f-string(f字串)
```python=
print('1', '2', '3', sep='')
print('Hello Python 今天 天氣', end='')
print('第二行程式碼')
a = input('請輸入姓名:')
b = input('請輸入年齡:')
c = input('請輸入性別:')
print('你剛剛輸入了:', a, b, c)
# dajflkjdlfkjaldfjaldfj
# fjaldkjflkajdfldafj
# fjdalsfjladjflajdfkljadf
# fajldkfjalkdfjldfjlad
# ajdflkajdfladjfldskf
print('你的名字: ', a, ', 年齡: ', b, ', 性別: ', c, sep='') # 這是筆記(註解)
print(f'你的名字: {a}, 年齡: {b}, 性別: {c}' )
```
#### 練習
請解決加總後輸出結果不正確問題:
```python=
print('1' + '1')
print( int('1') + 1) # int('1') 將字串1轉型成數字1
print(1 + 1)
print(5 * 2)
print('Hello' * 6)
print( type('4') ) # 輸出字串4的型態
print( type(4) ) # 輸出4的型態
a1 = input('請輸入第一個數字:')
a2 = input('請輸入第2個數字:')
print(f'總合為: {a1 + a2}')
```
答案:
```python=
print('1' + '1')
print( int('1') + 1) # int('1') 將字串1轉型成數字1
print(1 + 1)
print(5 * 2)
print('Hello' * 6)
print( type('4') ) # 輸出字串4的型態
print( type(4) ) # 輸出4的型態
a1 = int( input('請輸入第一個數字:') ) # input()輸入的資料永遠都字串型態
a2 = int( input('請輸入第2個數字:') )
a1 = int(a1)
a2 = int(a2)
print(f'總合為: {int(a1) + int(a2)}')
```
> 有三種方式
```python=
print( 35 % 2 )
print( 5 ** 2 )
print( 100 // 9 )
```
## 超陽春猜數字遊戲
```python=
import random
a = random.randint(4, 9) # 產生0~5之間的隨機數
print(a)
user = int( input('請猜一個數字: ') )
if a == user:
print('猜對了') # 條件成立會執行這裡
else:
print('猜錯了') # 條件不成立會執行這裡
```
```pyhon=
user = input('請輸入一個數字:')
user = int(user)
if user % 2 == 1:
print('奇數')
else:
print('偶數')
```
## Python套件
```python=
import requests
# 爬取網頁資料
a = requests.get('http://www.aaronlife.com/v1/teaching/_timetable_ncu_python_2023-12-02.html')
# 設定網頁編碼
a.encoding = 'utf-8'
print(a.text)
```
## list
```python=
a = [] # 建立一個空的list
a.append(3) # append將資料加到list內
a.append(4)
a.append(5)
a.append(6)
a.append(7)
a[1] = 'Hi'
# a.remove(6)
del a[3]
print(a)
print(a[2])
print(99 in a)
#
print('健行' in '健行科技大學')
```
## 幫list內的每筆資料加上40
```python=
a = [33, 45, 42, 65, 23]
result = []
for t in a:
result.append(t + 40)
print(result)
```
## list資料加總
```python=
a = [11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77]
total = 0
for t in a:
total += t # total = total + t
print(f'total現在是: {total}')
```
## UBike
OpenData API網址: 'http://data.tycg.gov.tw/api/v1/rest/datastore/a1b4714b-3b75-4ff8-a8f2-cc377e4eaa0f?format=csv'
```python=
import requests
import csv
response = requests.get('http://data.tycg.gov.tw/api/v1/rest/datastore/a1b4714b-3b75-4ff8-a8f2-cc377e4eaa0f?format=csv')
print(response.status_code)
if response.status_code != 200:
print('取得ubike資料失敗')
else:
print('取得ubike資料成功')
rows = response.text.splitlines()
# 將每一列資料轉成list
rows = csv.reader(rows)
user = input('請輸入站台的部份名稱: ')
for row in rows:
if user in row[3]:
print(f'站台名稱: {row[3]}')
print(f' - 總數量: {row[10]}')
print(f' - 可借: {row[12]}')
print(f' - 可還: {row[10]}')
print()
```
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