2023-12-02 Python入門實作班 上課記錄

目錄

2023-12-02
2023-12-09
2023-12-16

2023-12-16

函式

import keyword
print(keyword.kwlist)


def show():
    print('Hello', end='')
    print(' function')

show()
show()
show()
show()
show()
show()
show()
show()
show()
show()

函式參數

def plus(a, b):
    print(f'a = {a}')
    print(f'b = {b}')

    print(f'總合為: {a + b}')



plus(1, 2)
plus(99, 77)
plus('aa', 77)

def plus(a, b):
    try:
        int(a)
        int(b)
        print(f'a = {a}')
        print(f'b = {b}')

        print(f'總合為: {a + b}')
    except ValueError:
        print('輸入了錯誤型態的資料')


plus(1, 2)
plus(99, 77)
plus('aa', 77)

def plus(a, b):
    if type(a) is int:
        print(f'a = {a}')
        print(f'b = {b}')

        print(f'總合為: {a + b}')
    else:
        print('參數必須為int型態')


plus(1, 2)
plus(99, 77)
plus('22', 77)

def plus(a, b):
    if isinstance(a, int):
        print(f'a = {a}')
        print(f'b = {b}')

        print(f'總合為: {a + b}')
    else:
        print('參數必須為int型態')


plus(1, 2)
plus(99, 77)
plus('22', 77)

def plus(a, b):
    if isinstance(a, (int, float)):
        print(f'a = {a}')
        print(f'b = {b}')

        print(f'總合為: {a + b}')
    else:
        print('參數必須為int型態')


plus(1, 2)
plus(99, 77)
plus(2.2, 77)

def say_hello(name):
    print(f'Hello, {name}')

say_hello('Aaron')
say_hello('Apple')
say_hello('Andy')

def check(num):
    if num % 2 == 0:
        print('偶數')
    else:
        print('奇數')


check(321)
check(999)
check(1322)

def plus(a, b):
    # print(f'{a + b}')
    return a + b

a = plus(1, 2)
b = plus(3, 4)

print(a)

產生連續數字

def gen_num(num):
    print( ' '.join(      [str(n) for n in list(range(1, num + 1))]         )         )

gen_num(9)
gen_num(5)

變數交換

a = 3
b = 4

def swap(a, b):
    return b, a

a, b = swap(a, b)

print(a)
print(b)

階乘函式

def factorial(num):
    result = 1

    for n in range(2, num + 1):
        result *= n

    return result

print(factorial(4))
print(factorial(6))
print(factorial(10))
print(factorial(100))

參數預設值

# 參數預設值

# 有預設值的參數右邊全部參數都需要有預設值
def show_me(name, age = '無資料', phone = '無資料', address = '無資料'):
    print(f'姓名: {name}')
    print(f'年齡: {age}')
    print(f'電話: {phone}')
    print(f'地址: {address}')

show_me('aaron', 99, '0987654321')

指定參數

def show_me(name, age = '無資料', phone = '無資料', address = '無資料'):
    print(f'姓名: {name}')
    print(f'年齡: {age}')
    print(f'電話: {phone}')
    print(f'地址: {address}')


show_me(phone='我的電話', name='aaron')

print('aaa', end='')

一級函式

def plus(a, b):
    return a + b

c = plus

print(  c(6, 7)  )

callable

def plus(a, b):
    return a + b

c = plus

# print(  c(6, 7)   )

if callable(c):  # 可以被呼叫
    print(c(1, 3))
else:
    print('c不是函式')

lambda函式呼叫

print(     (lambda num: '偶數' if num % 2 == 0 else '奇數')(999)        )

dict

a = {3: 99, 'name': 'aaron', True: 88}

a['name'] = 'andy' # 修改資料
a['abc'] = 777   # 新增一筆資料

del a['name']

print(a[3])

if a['name'] in a:
    print(a['name'])

print(a[True])

print(a)

a = {3: 99, 'name': 'aaron', True: 88}

a['name'] = 'andy' # 修改資料
a['abc'] = 777   # 新增一筆資料

del a['name']

print(a[3])

if 'name' in a:
    print(a['name'])

print(a[True])

print(a)

for n in a:
    print(f'key={n}, value={a[n]}')

print(list(a.keys()))
print(list(a.values()))

不定長度參數

def count_all(*args):
    total = 0

    print(type(args))

    for a in args:
        total += a

    return total

print(count_all())
print(count_all(1, 2, 3))
print(count_all(1, 2, 3, 4, 5))
print(count_all(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7))

num_filter =  lambda *args: [n for n in args if n % 2 == 0]

print(num_filter(1, 2, 3, 4, 5))
print(num_filter(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7))
print(num_filter(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0))

a = {3: 88, 'name': 987, 'ok': 'hello'}

print(3 in a)
print(987 in a.values())

模組

hello.py

def func1():
    print('方法一號')

def func2(a, b):
    print(f'方法二號: {a}, {b}')

username = 'aaron'

if __name__ == '__main__':    
    func1()
    func2(1, 2)

    print(__name__)

callmodule.py

import hello

hello.func2(99, 88)
hello.func1()
hello.func1()

print(hello.username)

另一種模組import方式

# import hello

# hello.func2(99, 88)
# hello.func1()
# hello.func1()

# print(hello.username)

from hello import func1
from hello import func2
from hello import username

func1()
func2(44, 55)
print(username)

學生成績管理系統

# 學生成績管理系統
# 主功能:
#  1. 管理學生成績
#     - 新增學生成績
#     - 刪除學生成績
#  2. 查詢學生成績
#     - 依姓名查詢
#     - 查詢全部
#
# (資料存檔，資料讀取，CSV格式)

import csv

# 學生所有資料
grades = {}

# 主程式
def student_system():
    load()

    while True:
        print('--------------------------------')
        print('學生成績管理系統')
        print('--------------------------------')
        print('1. 管理學生成績')
        print('2. 查詢學生成績')
        print('3. 離開')

        user_input = input('=> ')

        # 離開系統
        if user_input == '1':
            # 進入管理頁面
            management()
        elif user_input == '2':
            # 進入查詢頁面
            query()
        elif user_input == '3':
            print('Bye~')
            break
        else:
            print('無效的輸入')

# 管理頁面
def management():
    while True:
        print('--------------------------------')
        print('管理學生成績')
        print('--------------------------------')
        print('1. 新增學生成績')
        print('2. 刪除學生成績')
        print('3. 離開')

        user_input = input('=> ')

        if user_input == '1':
            # 進入新增
            add_grade()
        elif user_input == '2':
            # 進入刪除
            del_grade()
            pass
        elif user_input == '3':
            break
        else:
            print('無效的輸入')


def query():
    while True:
        print('--------------------------------')
        print('查詢學生成績')
        print('--------------------------------')
        print('1. 查詢全部成績')
        print('2. 姓名查詢成績')
        print('3. 離開')

        user_input = input('=> ')

        if user_input == '1':
            # 進入查詢全部
            query_all()
        elif user_input == '2':
            # 進入姓名查詢
            query_by_name()
        elif user_input == '3':
            break
        else:
            print('無效的輸入')

def add_grade():
    name = input('請輸入學生姓名: ')
    no = input('請輸入學號: ')
    mandrin = input('請輸入國文成績: ')
    englith = input('請輸入英文成績: ')
    math = input('請輸入數學成績: ')

    # 新增一筆資料到字典
    grades[name] = [no, mandrin, englith, math]

    # 存檔
    save()

    print('新增完成')
    print(grades)  # 測試用，確認資料

def del_grade():
    name = input('請輸入學生姓名: ')

    if name in grades:
        del grades[name]

        save()
        print('刪除成功')
    else:
        print('查無此人')

def query_all():
    for name in grades:
        print(f'姓名: {name}, 學號: {grades[name][0]}, 國文: {grades[name][1]}, 英文: {grades[name][2]}, 數學: {grades[name][3]}')

def query_by_name():
    user_input = input('請輸入學生姓名(部分即可): ')
    for name in grades:
        if user_input in name:
            print(f'姓名: {name}, 學號: {grades[name][0]}, 國文: {grades[name][1]}, 英文: {grades[name][2]}, 數學: {grades[name][3]}')

# 存檔
def save():
    with open('student_system.csv', 'w', encoding='utf-8', newline='') as file: # 打開一個可寫入的檔案
        # 取得可寫入csv格式的物件
        writer = csv.writer(file)

        # 寫入標題
        writer.writerow(['姓名', '學號', '國文', '英文', '數學'])

        for key in grades:
            data = [key]
            data.extend(grades[key])
            writer.writerow(data)

# 讀檔
def load():
    with open('student_system.csv', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as file:
        reader = csv.reader(file)
        
        # 跳過第一筆資料
        next(reader)

        for row in reader:  # ['aaron', '1234', '98', '88', '76]
            grades[row[0]] = row[1:]

        print(grades)

student_system()

2023-12-09

if…elif…else

今日運勢:

import random

# 0 = 今天會撿到錢
# 1 = 今天會加薪
# 2 = 今天中統一發票
# 3 = 今天沒事發生
# 4 = 今天有人請你吃飯

result = random.randint(0, 4)

if result == 0:
    print('今天會撿到錢')
elif result == 1:
    print('今天會加薪')
elif result == 2:
    print('今天中統一發票')
elif result == 3:
    print('今天沒事發生')
else:
    print('今天有人請你吃飯')

今日穿搭建議

import datetime

weekday = datetime.date.today().weekday()

if weekday == 0: # 星期一
    print('星期一: 今天適合穿藍色')
elif weekday == 1: # 星期二
    print('星期二: 今天適合穿紅色')
elif weekday == 2: # 星期三
    print('星期三: 今天適合穿黃色')
elif weekday == 3: # 星期四
    print('星期四: 今天適合穿綠色')
elif weekday == 4: # 星期五
    print('星期五: 今天適合穿紫色')
elif weekday == 5: # 星期六
    print('星期六: 今天適合穿彩色')
else: # 星期日
    print('星期日: 今天適合穿黑色')

猜拳遊戲

import random

pc = random.randint(0, 2) # 0 = 剪刀, 1 = 石頭, 2 = 布

game = ['剪刀', '石頭', '布']

print(f'電腦出: {game[pc]}')

user =  int(input('請出拳(0 = 剪刀, 1 = 石頭, 2 = 布): '))

print(f'你出了: {game[user]}')

if pc == 0 and user == 1:
    print('你贏了')
elif pc == 0 and user == 2:
    print('你輸了')
elif pc == 1 and user == 0:
    print('你輸了')
elif pc == 1 and user == 2:
    print('你贏了')
elif pc == 2 and user == 0:
    print('你贏了')
elif pc == 2 and user == 1:
    print('你輸了')
else:
    print('平手')

函式注意事項

a = [11, 22, 33]

sum2 = 4 + 5

del sum # 刪除掉變數

result = sum(a)

print(result)

索引切片

a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0]

print(a[-2:-7:-2])
print(a[::len(a)-1])
print(a[1::3])

range

a = range(9, 5, -1)
print(list(a))
a = range(-1, -4, -1)
print(list(a))

結果:

[9, 8, 7, 6]
[-1, -2, -3]

2的九九乘法表

for i in range(1, 10):
    print(f'2 x {i} = {i*2}')

可以猜三次的猜數字遊戲

import random

# 隨機0~5之間的整數
answer = random.randint(0, 5)

for i in range(1, 4):
    user = int(  input('請猜一個數字(0~5): ')  )

    if user == answer:
        print(f'猜對了, 你總共猜了{i}次')
        break
    else:
        print(f'猜錯了, 剩下{3-i}次')

for comprehension

一般寫法:

a = [33, 42, 57, 80, 17, 66]
b = []

for score in a:
    if score < 60:
        b.append(score + 10)

print(b)

for comperhension寫法:

a = [33, 42, 57, 80, 17, 66]

print([score + 10 for score in a])

單行if

import random

pc = random.randint(0, 2)
print(pc)

user = int(input('猜一個數字(0~2): '))

print('猜對了' if pc == user else '猜錯了')

# if pc == user:
#     print('猜對了')
# else:
#     print('猜錯了')

for comprehension + 單行

a = [33, 42, 57, 80, 17, 66]

print([score + 10 for score in a])  # 全部加10分
print([score + 10 if score < 60 else score for score in a])  # 只有不及格的加10分
print([score + 10 for score in a if score < 60]) # 只有不及格的加10分, 且只保留不及格的分數

set

a = {1, 2, 3, 4}  # set

a.add(5)
a.add('aaron')
a.add('aaron')
a.add(3)
a.add(2)
a.remove(5)
a.remove('aaron')
# del a[9]

for i in a:
    print(i)

a = {1, 2, 5, 7, 9}
b = {3, 4, 9, 10, 12}

print(a - b) # 差集
print(a & b) # 交集
print(a | b) # 聯集
print(a ^ b) # 對稱差集

打包與解包

a = (1, 2, 3,)
print(a)
a = (1, 2, 3)
print(a)
a = 1, 2, 3,
print(a)
a = 1, 2, 3
print(a)

a = (5,)
print(a)
a = (5)
print(a)
a = 5,
print(a)
a = 5
print(a)

a = (1, 'a', 44, 99, 'hello')
a, b, c, d, e = a  # 解包 unpack
print(a)
print(b)
print(c)
print(d)
print(e)

a = a, b, c, d, e # 打包(pack)
print(a)

a, *b, c = a
print(a)
print(b)
print(c)

a = (1, 'a', 44, 99, 'hello')
a, b, *c = a
print(a)
print(b)
print(c)

a = (1, 'a', 44, 99, 'hello')
*b, c = a
print(b)
print(c)

完整九九乘法表

for outer in range(2, 10):
    for inner in range(1, 10):
        print(f'{outer} x {inner} = {outer * inner}')

畫星星

for i in range(1, 6):
    for j in range(1, i + 1):
        print('*', end='')

    print()

for i in range(1, 6):
    print('*' * i)

例外捕捉

import random

pc = random.randint(0, 3)

a= []

try:
    print(a[1])
except IndexError:
    print('存取list失敗')

for times in range(1, 4):
    try:
        user = int(input('請猜一個數字(0~3): '))
    except ValueError:
        print(f'輸入錯誤, 還剩{3-times}次')
        continue # 取消剩下的程式碼執行，直接進入迴圈的下一次

    if pc == user:
        print(f'猜對了，總共猜了{times}次')
    else:
        print(f'猜錯了，還剩{3-times}次')

while迴圈

user = []

while True:
    user_input = input('請輸入數字(quit=停止輸入): ')

    if user_input == 'quit':
        break
    else:
        try:
            user.append(int(user_input))
        except ValueError:
            print('輸入錯誤，請重新輸入!')

print(f'總和: {sum(user)}')

猜數字遊戲

import random

a = ['0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9']

answer = random.sample(a, 4)

answer = ''.join(answer)

print(f'答案: {answer}')

guess_count = 0   # 紀錄總共猜了幾次

while True:
    user = input('請猜0~9之間的四位數字(數字不可重覆): ')
    guess_count += 1 # 次數加1

    # 檢查使用者輸入的是不是數字
    try:
        int(user)
    except ValueError:
        print('錯誤，只能輸入數字')
        continue

    # 檢查是不是四個數字
    if len(user) != 4:
        print('數字必須是四位數')
        continue

    # 檢查數字有沒有重覆
    if len( set(user) ) != 4:
        print('數字不可重覆')
        continue

    # 猜對了，遊戲結束
    if answer == user:
        print(f'猜對了，遊戲結束，總共猜了{guess_count}次')
        break

    # 判斷幾A
    how_many_a = 0

    if answer[0] == user[0]:
        how_many_a += 1
    if answer[1] == user[1]:
        how_many_a += 1
    if answer[2] == user[2]:
        how_many_a += 1
    if answer[3] == user[3]:
        how_many_a += 1

    # 判斷幾B
    how_many_b = 0

    if user[0] in answer and user[0] != answer[0]:
        how_many_b += 1
    
    if user[1] in answer and user[1] != answer[1]:
        how_many_b += 1

    if user[2] in answer and user[2] != answer[2]:
        how_many_b += 1

    if user[3] in answer and user[3] != answer[3]:
        how_many_b += 1

    print(f'{how_many_a}A{how_many_b}B, 已經猜了{guess_count}次')

2023-12-02

輸出

print('Hello Python')

print('Hello', 'Python', end='')
print('今天天氣很好')

輸入

print('Hello Python')
print('第二行程式碼')
a = input()
print('你剛剛輸入了:', a)

註解

print('Hello Python')
a = input('請輸入姓名:')
b = input('請輸入年齡:')
c = input('請輸入性別:')

# 這是註解
print('你的名字:', a, ', 年齡:', b, ', 性別:', c) # 這是註解

Ctrl + / 可以將選取的程式碼變成註解

字串格式化: f-string(f字串)

print('1', '2', '3', sep='')

print('Hello Python 今天 天氣', end='')
print('第二行程式碼')
a = input('請輸入姓名:')
b = input('請輸入年齡:')
c = input('請輸入性別:')
print('你剛剛輸入了:', a, b, c)

# dajflkjdlfkjaldfjaldfj
# fjaldkjflkajdfldafj
# fjdalsfjladjflajdfkljadf
# fajldkfjalkdfjldfjlad
# ajdflkajdfladjfldskf
print('你的名字: ', a, ', 年齡: ', b, ', 性別: ', c, sep='') # 這是筆記(註解)
print(f'你的名字: {a}, 年齡: {b}, 性別: {c}' )

練習

請解決加總後輸出結果不正確問題:

print('1' + '1')

print( int('1')  + 1)  # int('1') 將字串1轉型成數字1

print(1 + 1)
print(5 * 2)
print('Hello' * 6)

print(   type('4')     ) # 輸出字串4的型態
print(   type(4)     ) # 輸出4的型態

a1 = input('請輸入第一個數字:')
a2 = input('請輸入第2個數字:')

print(f'總合為: {a1 + a2}')

答案:

print('1' + '1')

print( int('1')  + 1)  # int('1') 將字串1轉型成數字1

print(1 + 1)
print(5 * 2)
print('Hello' * 6)

print(   type('4')     ) # 輸出字串4的型態
print(   type(4)     ) # 輸出4的型態

a1 = int(  input('請輸入第一個數字:')  ) # input()輸入的資料永遠都字串型態
a2 = int(  input('請輸入第2個數字:')   )

a1 = int(a1)
a2 = int(a2)

print(f'總合為: {int(a1) + int(a2)}')

有三種方式

print( 35 % 2  )
print( 5 ** 2  )
print( 100 // 9 )

超陽春猜數字遊戲

import random

a = random.randint(4, 9) # 產生0~5之間的隨機數

print(a)

user = int( input('請猜一個數字: ') )

if a == user:       
    print('猜對了')  # 條件成立會執行這裡
else:
    print('猜錯了')  # 條件不成立會執行這裡

user = input('請輸入一個數字:')

user = int(user)

if user % 2 == 1:
    print('奇數')
else:
    print('偶數')

Python套件

import requests

# 爬取網頁資料
a = requests.get('http://www.aaronlife.com/v1/teaching/_timetable_ncu_python_2023-12-02.html')

# 設定網頁編碼
a.encoding = 'utf-8'

print(a.text)

list

a = [] # 建立一個空的list

a.append(3)  # append將資料加到list內
a.append(4)
a.append(5)
a.append(6)
a.append(7)

a[1] = 'Hi'

# a.remove(6)
del a[3]

print(a)
print(a[2])

print(99 in a)

#
print('健行' in '健行科技大學')

幫list內的每筆資料加上40

a = [33, 45, 42, 65, 23]

result = []

for t in a:
    result.append(t + 40)

print(result)

list資料加總

a = [11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77]

total = 0

for t in a:
    total += t # total = total + t

    print(f'total現在是: {total}')

UBike

OpenData API網址: 'http://data.tycg.gov.tw/api/v1/rest/datastore/a1b4714b-3b75-4ff8-a8f2-cc377e4eaa0f?format=csv'

import requests
import csv

response = requests.get('http://data.tycg.gov.tw/api/v1/rest/datastore/a1b4714b-3b75-4ff8-a8f2-cc377e4eaa0f?format=csv')

print(response.status_code)

if response.status_code != 200:
    print('取得ubike資料失敗')
else:
    print('取得ubike資料成功')

    rows = response.text.splitlines()

    # 將每一列資料轉成list
    rows = csv.reader(rows)

    user = input('請輸入站台的部份名稱: ')

    for row in rows:
        if user in row[3]:
            print(f'站台名稱: {row[3]}')
            print(f' - 總數量: {row[10]}')
            print(f' - 可借: {row[12]}')
            print(f' - 可還: {row[10]}')
            print()