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    # MySQL 第四堂0401 ### 資料庫引擎(Storage Engine) MuSQL儲存資料的技術 1.MyISQL:早期預設,支援功能不多(不支援交易控制),但運作效率較好。 2.InnoDB:目前預設,功能與大型商用資料庫一樣。現在較常用。 3.MEMORY:把資料放在記憶體中,運作效率最快,但MySQL伺服器關閉後,資料都會消失,不適合大量資料的表格。 --- ### 字元集(Character Set) : 定義字元的編碼 例如:utf-8 1.MySQL中預設utf8mb4。 2.使用"SHOW CHARSET"可顯示MySQL所有支援的字元集。 3.MySQL中字元集可設在整個資料庫、單一表格、特定資料欄位上。 ### 字元序(Collation) : 定義字元比較規則 1.MySQL中預設為utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci。 ***ci:大小寫無關,cs:大小寫有關。中文沒有分大小寫*** 2.使用"SHOW COLLATION"可顯示MySQL所有支援的Collation。 3.Collation是否區分大小寫的設定會影響排序結果。 --- ### 常見資料庫物件 資料表(Table)、資料限制條件(Constraints)、視觀表(View)、索引(Index)、使用者帳號(User Account)等等。 --- ### 資料表(Table): 最主要資料庫物件,用於儲存資料。 由欄位(Column)與資料列(Row)組成, **欄位(Column):** 每一欄都必須命名,設定資料型態與資料長度。 **資料列(Row):** 資料表中的一筆資料。 --- # DDL:資料定義語言 :資料庫物件維護命令 ### 1.新建物件:CREATE 建立表格時會建立在預設的資料庫,若要指定可在前方加上資料庫名稱(資料庫名.表格) ![](https://i.imgur.com/zxBdpQL.jpg) ***可定義項目:講義169 / 可使用型態:講義171*** ### 使用現有表格建立(as+子查詢) ![](https://i.imgur.com/N5alR31.jpg) ### 使用現有表格建立(Like) 以既存表格來建立新表格,不會帶入就表格資料。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/myla4TP.jpg) --- ### 3.刪除物件:DROP ![](https://i.imgur.com/gNwCC5v.jpg) # 資料表維護 ### 新增欄位:不指定位置 ![](https://i.imgur.com/b5JoSKc.jpg) ### 新增欄位:指定位置 ![](https://i.imgur.com/kAPK8Cu.jpg) --- ## 修改欄位定義(講義188-189) **修改物件型態** ![](https://i.imgur.com/Ij3eBFD.jpg) --- ### 新增檢查條件(講義191-192) ![](https://i.imgur.com/AIkqezL.jpg) ![](https://i.imgur.com/OZB4EkD.jpg) ---- ### 刪除欄位 ![](https://i.imgur.com/uHdMMw8.jpg) ---- # View (視觀表)講義197-208 透過SELECT的查詢結果所組成的虛擬表格 View本身不儲存資料,基底資料表才是存資料的地方 目的是用於加強資料庫安全,讓使用者只能看到你想給他看的 ### 創建View(簡單視觀表) : 沒有join、函數、資料分組,可更新的檢視表。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/bmjG9zO.jpg) ### 創建View(複雜視觀表) : 有join、函數、資料分組,不可更新的檢視表。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/4lbZyRu.jpg) ## 索引(講義210-214) ## DCL(講義215) ----------------------------------------------------- # 錯誤回報 若筆記內有發現錯誤隨時可以登入後在這邊留言~

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