# [Research] Gl0bal

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:bulb: Feel free to share your thoughts and experiences on intercultural communication here, as well as some suggestions for this research
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## :+1: About this research

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Rrsearch Proposal 研究計畫初步構想
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### :small_blue_diamond: 目標聲明 Statement of Aims
**"From Interdisciplinary to Intercultural: A Cultural Exploration of Open-Source Collaboration in G0V"**

這個研究的主要研究對象包含'G0V'的參與者，或是和G0V擁有合作關係的公民科技社群、NGO、NPO。探討在跨文化交流中，有哪些文化因素會對公民參與造成影響。

The main target population of this study includes participants in G0V, or civic technology communities, NGOs and NPOs that have partnerships with G0V. The objective is to explore what cultural factors impact civic engagement in cross-cultural communication.

### :small_blue_diamond: 研究背景 Research Context
G0V是台灣本地的一個草根公民社群，具有彈性和流動性的特點。該社群包括數百個項目，涉及廣泛的公民和社會問題，都是由人們自願參與並提出的。 G0V有一個開放的討論空間和去中心化的運作模式，吸引了許多公民參與，對政府政策產生了由下而上的影響。台灣政府系統內也有公民技術的倡導者，這使得公民技術和政府之間有了更大的聯繫，以建設和改善台灣的社會環境。隨著G0V社群的公民技術和開源協作文化的發展，G0V的參與者、合作對象的文化背景越來越多元。近年來，G0V發起了與其他國家的公民技術社群的跨國交流，如Code for Japan和Nullfull。探討的問題已經擴及全球性的議題。

G0V is a local grassroots civic community in Taiwan that is flexible and mobile. The community includes hundreds of projects on a wide range of civic and social issues, all proposed by people who volunteer to participate in the projects. The G0V has an open discussion space and a decentralised project mode of operation, which has attracted many citizens to participate and has had a bottom-up impact on government policy. There are also advocates of civic technology within the Taiwanese government system, which has led to a greater connection between civic technology and the government to build and improve the social environment in Taiwan. With the development of civic technology and an open-source collaborative culture in the G0V community, the participants and collaborators of G0V are becoming more and more culturally diverse. In recent years, G0V has initiated cross-country exchanges with civic technology communities in other countries, such as Code for Japan and Nullfull. As a result, the issues explored have expanded to include global problems.

### :small_blue_diamond: 研究方法 Methodology

這個研究的主要研究對象主要為’G0V’的參與者，其中一部分的G0V參與者擁有和其他公民科技社群、NGO、NPO的合作經驗。由於G0V成員的背景具有多樣性，這個研究致力於探討在跨文化交流中，有哪些文化因素可能影響人們參與G0V的相關活動，以及對G0V的理解。此外，除了人與人之間互動所體會到的文化差異，民族性與國家過往的重大事件、社會背景之間的關聯，也將被納入研究問題進行探討。從更宏觀的角度了解不同文化的演化背景，有助於促進人與人之間互相理解，建立更順利的協作關係。

為了更深入地了解參與者的經驗和觀點，本研究將採用焦點團體訪談與深入訪談的並行的研究方法，並進行訪談內容分析，以及基礎理論的建構。

#### 研究問題 Research Questions

1. What cultural differences might be involved in the relationships between G0V members and other civic tech communities and organisations? What are the possible reasons for these cultural differences? To what extent do cultural differences affect people engaging in or comprehending G0V?

G0V成員與其他公民科技團體和組織之間的關係可能涉及哪些文化差異？造成這些文化差異的可能原因是什麼？文化差異在多大程度上影響了人們對G0V的參與或理解？

2. What concepts and operational models of G0V are being promoted on a cross-cultural scale, intentionally or unintentionally? What problems might face in the promotion process?

G0V的什麼理念、運作模式，在跨文化的規模上被有意或無意的推廣?推廣的過程可能面臨那些問題?

#### 焦點團體 Focus Group

> 對於焦點團體訪談的適用情境為: (1)針對一個相對新的領域進行探索，挖掘、發展新的觀點或現象；(2)探討過往相關研究中，研究參與者對結果擁有什麼看法；(3)產生後續研究的假設；(4)深入了解一個群體的人際歷程和觀點。
>
> --鈕文英《質性研究方法與論文寫作(三版)》，2023年

目前的焦點團體訪談預計分為兩組進行。第一組焦點團體訪談將探索G0V的文化多樣性與前瞻性；第二組的焦點團體訪談將著重於探索專案運作過程可能經歷的跨文化體驗。透過加深研究參與者的互動能夠激發更加多元的觀點，並有效的蒐集團體互動中所建構的知識，符合研究目的。

##### 第一次焦點團體訪談重點 The First Focus Group Interview Keypoints
1. G0V參與者的多元性: G0V的吸引力 (Diversity of G0V participants: the appeal of G0V)
2. 有哪些文化因素可能影響參與G0V的過程 ，或是對G0V的理解(What are the cultural factors that may influence the process of participating or comprehension of G0V)
3. G0V的跨文化研究能夠創造哪些優勢 (What advantages G0V's cross-cultural research can create)

##### 第二次焦點團體訪談重點 The Second Focus Group Interview Keypoints
1. 關於G0V從台灣擴展到國際舞台的一些想法 (Some thoughts on G0V's expansion from Taiwan to the international arena)
2. G0V與其它公民科技社群、NPO、NGO的合作關係的經驗分享 (Experience sharing of G0V's partnership with other civic tech communities, NPOs and NGOs)
3. 在世界各地的G0V專案執行層面體會到哪些文化差異? (What cultural differences have you experienced at the implementation level of G0V projects around the world?)
4. 文化差異可能來自於哪些原因? (What are the possible reasons for cultural differences?)

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#### 深度訪談 In-depth Interview

> Morgan(2019)指出焦點團體訪談能夠與個別訪談、參與觀察結合使用。

深度訪談在此研究為輔助性的設計。經歷了兩次焦點團體訪談後，將透過訪談內容建立初步的G0V跨文化互動模型。但由於考量到模型的完整性，以及焦點團體訪談的時間限制導致討論議題不夠深入，為了蒐集更加詳細且精確的資料，因此保留深入訪談的研究方式。

In-depth interviews are used as a complementary design in this study. After two focus group interviews, a preliminary model of G0V cross-cultural interaction will be developed through the content of the interviews. However, due to the completeness of the model and the time constraints of the focus group interviews which did not allow for in-depth discussion, the possibility of in-depth interviews was reserved in order to collect more detailed and precise data.

### :small_blue_diamond: 訪談流程 Interview Process

#### 訪談前的討論事項
1. 研究參與者的溝通媒介: Slack #gl0bal頻道與私訊功能、Email、Google Meet

2. 提供訪談同意書，了解研究過程的細節和須知，以及隱私保護的相關做法(可以參考研究倫理)。之後將透過Email的方式個別寄送，以及確認簽署文件的情況，由於其中涉及個人的基本資料，同意書的簽署過程全程保密。

#### 訪談結束後

1. 訪談結束後，訪談內容將以紮根理論作為分析方法的基礎。根據Cullen, M. M., & Brennan, N. M.對紮根理論的解釋，研究者可以使用系統編碼來概括和解釋受訪者的回答，以分析特定的群體或社會現象，並形成一個暫定的理論。本研究旨在將紮根理論的原創性，與公民科技社群的開放性結合起來，協助開發公民科技社群相關研究中的跨文化交流框架。這樣的理論可以為現有的知識和參與者之間的互動現狀提供一個新的解釋。
2. **訪談內容的逐字稿、研究結果的詮釋都將開源，研究參與者也有權利了解、補充、修正、問題反應和討論，確保研究的品質。**

> #### [第一次焦點團體訪談逐字稿](https://hackmd.io/@Xv38RGXlRiC5tuivp5SjVg/HyqfJt6ch/edit)
> #### [深入訪談逐字稿(billy)](https://hackmd.io/@Xv38RGXlRiC5tuivp5SjVg/S1WRU-ejh)
> #### [深入訪談逐字稿(Pei)](https://hackmd.io/@Xv38RGXlRiC5tuivp5SjVg/rkS-JTxjh)
> #### [深入訪談逐字稿(黃豆泥)](https://hackmd.io/@Xv38RGXlRiC5tuivp5SjVg/r13n4Bgo3)
> #### [第二次焦點團體訪談逐字稿](https://hackmd.io/@Xv38RGXlRiC5tuivp5SjVg/H1NDWplo3)
> #### [Verbatim transcript of the in-depth interview(Hal Seki-Code for Japan)](https://hackmd.io/@Xv38RGXlRiC5tuivp5SjVg/SycLf6esh)
> #### [深入訪談逐字稿(Billion)](https://hackmd.io/@Xv38RGXlRiC5tuivp5SjVg/HkBuEughh)
> #### [深入訪談逐字稿(ETblue)](https://hackmd.io/@Xv38RGXlRiC5tuivp5SjVg/Sylmt9To3)

### :small_blue_diamond: 研究倫理 Research Ethics
1. 研究參與者和受訪者之間的交流將通過HackMD（將以CC BY-NC-SA 4.0授權），以及電子郵件和電話。在研究之前，將提供研究同意書給研究參與者簽署，確保他們獲得知情同意，保護他們的隱私和保密性，同時告知參與者這個研究不會造成傷害或困擾。Communication between study participants and respondents will be via HackMD (which will be licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0), as well as email and Slack. Prior to the study, a research consent form will be provided for study participants to sign to ensure that they receive informed consent, to protect their privacy and confidentiality, and to inform participants that this study will not cause harm or distress.

2. 對於訪談的預防措施，為了維持質性研究的信度，將維持舒適的訪談環境，避免其他外部因素干擾。同時也將致力於維持研究者與研究參與者之間的良好互動，保持適度的雙向交流。
As for the precautionary measures of interviews, in order to maintain the reliability of the qualitative research, a comfortable interviewing environment will be maintained to avoid other external factors from interfering with the interviews. At the same time, efforts will be made to maintain good interaction between the researcher and the research participants, and to maintain an appropriate degree of two-way communication.

3. 在質性研究的效度方面，訪談問題將防止誘導性問題。透過半結構式的訪談，研究參與者能夠在了解研究主題的情況下，盡可能地發表自己的看法。In terms of validity of the qualitative research, the interview questions will prevent elicitation. Through semi-structured interviews, research participants will be able to express their views to the fullest extent possible with an understanding of the research topic.
4. 個人隱私維護的部分，受訪者將透過暱稱、代號表示。For the part of personal privacy protection, respondents will indicate through nicknames and codes.
5. 訪談結束後的內容將被整理成逐字稿，研究者也將與受訪者確認整體訪談內容。The post-interview content will be collated into a verbatim transcript and the researcher will also confirm the overall interview with the respondent.

### :small_blue_diamond:研究中可能的限制 Limitations
首先，這項研究主要關注文化差異如何影響全球公民協作，但較少探討全球公民協作如何促使解決全球問題的重要性。其次，定性研究的局限性在於可能會出現研究者的偏見，因為研究者的個人偏好和觀點可能會影響對數據的解釋。最後，研究的樣本量可能有限，這可能影響研究結果的普遍性。

為了緩解這些問題，如前所述，由於G0V社區的多元化性質，我將保留增加受訪者數量的可能性。這樣做是為了使跨文化交流的暫定模型盡可能客觀。但還有一個重要的限制，也就是G0V社群的多變性: 隨著時代變遷，G0V的文化和運作模式也在不間斷地轉變。

Firstly, this research mainly focuses on how cultural differences affect global-civic collaboration but less explores the importance of how global-civic association prompts addressing global issues. Secondly, the limitation of qualitative research is the potential for researcher bias, as the researcher's personal preferences and perspectives may influence the interpretation of the data. Lastly, the study's sample size may be limited, which could impact the generalisability of the findings.

To mitigate these problems, as mentioned earlier, I will reserve the possibility of increasing the number of respondents because of the pluralistic nature of the G0V community. This is done in order to make the tentative model of intercultural communication as objective as possible. But there is another important constraint: the versatility of the G0V community: as the times change, so does the culture and mode of operation of G0V.

### :small_blue_diamond: 有意願受訪歡迎留言! If you would like to be interviewed, please leave a comment here :)

- [name=ael]
>
> 想要受訪
> [g0v.london: The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly](https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1A0afgO1PcznmPmDD7EzsyKwobx6OhQHx4uuSIAz_A3M/)
>
> [#disfactory 科技麻瓜 NGO 和開源魔法師的旅程](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-HIrihuluG4)
>
> 另外推薦 g0v Summit 2020 的其中一場對談：[NGO 組織 v.s. 開源社群](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GzRjV5n9YrU)

- 好啊！[name=chihao]
- 這是我 2014 年做的問卷共筆，給 Skyler 參考 >>> [link](https://g0v.hackmd.io/WdAey3rVQhSxlkDVV_XT0w)

- 樂意幫忙 [name=peter] ，我有寫過一篇刊在 Taiwan Insight 上的 [文章](https://taiwaninsight.org/2022/10/10/a-hub-for-flexibility-and-innovation-my-experiences-with-the-g0v-community/) 或許可以給您參考。
## 📈 Goals

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待編輯
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## 🤔 研究建議 Questions and Answers

- g0v和其他社群之間會存在哪些文化差異？
- 有什麼證據使你認為文化差異存在？
- 這些差異對交流有什麼影響？ (為什麼我們需要分析它們？）
- 這些差異（就其存在的程度而言）是民族文化還是社群文化的結果？

:+1: 謝謝Sam的提問和建議