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--- title: 2/4 更多基本SQL & 一些概念 --- ## 更多基本SQL & 一些概念 ### 2021/3/10 王子軒 <!-- 2.基本SQL & 概念 Index, pri/f key INSERT DELETE --> --- ## 快速複習! ``` 欄位名稱跟table名稱要加重音符號(`)! 查詢: SELECT * FROM <table> WHERE <condition> ``` --- ## 觀念:欄位的Key設定 ---- ### Index (索引鍵) * 資料索引,可加快搜尋速度 * 可多欄位設定為 Index NOTE:有點像是看書的時候的頁碼,方便你定位 ---- ### Primary Key(PK): >常用來連接不同table之間的查詢/關聯(F Key) * 是一種 index 但不能為空值(NULL),PK會自動建立 index * 每個 table 只能有一個 PRIMARY Key * 每一筆資料的PK都要獨一無二(不一樣) ---- ![](https://i.imgur.com/J2nd3xl.png) NOTE:你如果有uid,就可以很快定義出具體的某比資料,就如同你有頁碼,就可以很快找到某一頁 ---- ### Foreign Key(~~FK~~): ~~table之間的愛恨情愁~~ * 避免表之間的關聯被破壞 * 防止不符合對應欄位的型態 * 插入的值一定要在對應的表 ---- ![](https://i.imgur.com/C9aRUZU.png) NOTE: 用個例子來解釋一下,這是兩張表,上面的叫做Persons,下面的叫做Orders。PersonID是上面表的PK,它每筆資料都一定會有。下面的表格用到PersonID、用到對方的PK,所以建立起了關聯。它對應到別張表的這個欄位就可以設定成FOREIGN KEY,所以邊PersonID就是Foreign Key,它可以讓資料庫自動避免關聯被破壞,避免像是Persons被刪除,Orders對應不到,或是欄位資料內容不對。 --- #### 哪個是FK? ![](https://i.imgur.com/XbraaV9.png) NOTE: 哪個欄位是FK呢?這邊可以看到有關連的部份只有country_code和code,可以注意到有\*和數字1,星號是說,很多比紀錄的這個欄位可以值一樣,像是我和你分別是兩比紀錄,而且都住台灣,那我們的country_code就會一樣。 而那個1就是指說coutries這個table裡面的每一筆紀錄,code不會重複,就是說不會有兩個country名字不一樣,code卻一樣。答:country_code --- ## 實做一張表 右鍵點擊左邊的"Tables">"Create a table" ![](https://i.imgur.com/Cg6VE2u.png) NOTE:講了那們多,我先來代你們用圖形界面實際做一張表,這樣你如果有想試試的操作就可以自己弄表跟資料了 ---- 1. 打上Table name 2. 點擊下方空白處可以設定column ![](https://i.imgur.com/rDN9cHf.png) ---- >試試看新增一張表,叫做user >裡面有 | 欄位 | 欄位名稱 | | ------------------ | ------------------ | | 使用者 | UID | | 使用者居住地址 | City_Code | | 使用者名字 | username | | 使用者密碼 | password | NOTE:你們覺得哪個欄位要設定什麼型態?哪些要有Key? --- ## query time! NOTE:今天來說說新增跟刪除吧! --- ### 新增 ``` INSERT INTO <table>(<column> [,<column2>,...]) VALUES(<value for col1> [, <value for col2>]) ``` ex: ``` INSERT INTO `customer`(`nickname`, `password`) VALUES ("Temmie", "Hoi_I_AM_TEMMIE") ``` ---- ### 練習! 幫你們剛剛的表新增3筆資料 --- ### 刪除 ``` DELETE FROM <table> WHERE <condition> ``` NOTE:注意,操作資料庫的時候,尤其是刪除表或是資料的時候,一定要注意你的條件,避免勿刪,或是讓整個資料表清空。 ---- ### 試試看 刪掉Taiwan裡,City_code<100的 --- ### 用Query創建表 ---- ### 創建表 ``` CREATE TABLE <table_name> ( <column_name1> <data_type>, <column_name2> <data_type>, <column_name3> <data_type>, ··· ); ``` ---- ### 做出一張表 table name: orders | 名稱 | 型態 | | -------- | -------- | | ID | 數值,PK | | username | 可變長度的字串 | | price | ??? | NOTE: 要注意表的名稱要加s,因為order本身是SQL語法的詞,所以要避開。還有要先點選database指定它後,才能在Open SQL editor,底下用query生出table 這一部份,我想讓你們先是試著自己從網路查怎們樣在創建table時,設定PK <!-- CREATE TABLE orders ( ID INT, username varchar(255), price decimal(10,2), PRIMARY KEY (ID) ); --> --- ### 刪除表 ``` DROP TABLE <table_name>; ``` --- ### 補充資源:diagram https://dbdiagram.io/home NOTE:這是一個可以畫table關聯圖的網站,有興趣可以進去試試看。它預設的table關係可以參考一下,想想看表之間的關係。

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