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    # 空圧講習会2021 ## 目次 - 機械要素としての特徴 - 安全面 - 用語 - 力学的な話 - 基本構成 ## 機械要素としての特徴 空圧・・・圧縮空気のエネルギーを使って機器を動かす装置群 **メリット** - 強い - シリンダ内径によるが簡単に10~40kgFなどの力を出せる - 簡単 - 基本的に空気を入れるか入れないかのオンオフ制御になるため扱いやすい **デメリット** - 単純だがその分制御的な自由度は少ない - タンクが必要 - 基本的にペットボトルに入れられるだけの空気しか使えない ## 安全面 圧縮空気は公共の安全を確保するために1MPa(10気圧)を超える高圧ガスの取り扱いが法律で取り締まられている(高圧ガス保安法)。 NHKの大会で使えるのは0.6MPaまで。マキで常用しているのは最大0.8Mpaまで。 →法律に抵触する付近まで使用している →十分危険 また、圧縮空気を生成するコンプレッサーの消費電力は高いので電源のとる場所に注意する。 ### 対策 圧縮空気が危険なものであるという認識を持ちつつ、タンクに使用するペットボトルには絶縁テープを巻き、爆発した際の被害を最小限に抑える。 タンクに使用するペットボトルは強炭酸のもの(コーラとか)を使用し、1年を目安に捨てて劣化を抑える。また、部室から体育館などの移動の際は必ず空気を抜き、事故で転倒などが起きても爆発しないよう注意する。 コンプレッサーの電源は基本壁からとり、延長ケーブルなどを使用しない。 ### 事故例 マキニスタは過去にNHK大会テストランでペットボトルを爆発させている。 原因は容量の確保と軽量化のために外国製の怪しいペットボトルを使用していたから。 ## 用語 リンクは画像 - 継手 - 流体を通すために物と物をつなぐもの - ワンタッチ継手 - エルボ(L)・チーズ(T)とかたくさん - チューブ - φ4,6,8 - コンプレッサー - 圧縮空気の生成 - エアシリンダ - 圧縮空気を使ってロッドを伸縮させる機械 - マキで使う空圧の代表 - バルブ - 1方向にだけ空気を流すもの - 空圧回路記号を見れば方向がわかる - 電磁弁 - 圧縮空気をオンオフするために必要な弁 - これのおかげで制御できる - 5ポート・プレッシャポート・ABポート - ハンドバルブ - 手で回すことでオンオフする弁 - 1way - レギュレータ - 空気の圧力を降圧させるもの(例:6気圧→4気圧) - 降圧している間は一定の圧力を出せる - 電空レギュレータという電気で圧力を制御するものもある - スピードコントローラ - 空気のスピードを変化させ、エアシリンダの速度制御を行う - プレッシャポートに繋がない(電磁弁が空気漏れを起こす) - 圧力計 - 基本、外圧と内圧の差を比較する - 真空発生器 - 圧縮空気を流すことで、ベルヌーイの定理より真空を作る - 真空ポンプ - 電気でポンプを回し真空を作る - エアチャック - 小型エアシリンダを内蔵し、つかむことに特化した機械 - 違径ユニオン・同径ユニオン - 違うサイズのチューブをつなぐ継手 - バルブと真空発生器と同径ユニオンの見た目が似てるから注意 ## 力学的な話 力は断面積×圧力(高校物理) スピードは運動方程式に従わない(空気を押し出している時は抵抗があるため・流量の限界(チョーク)) ## 基本構成 タンク・バルブ・ハンドバルブ・電磁弁・エアシリンダ・スピードコントローラ

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