--- tags: 演算法, LeetCode disqus: HackMD --- # Two Pointers `Two Pointers`常用在搜尋,他在一個給定的資料結構中做循環並給定兩個指針,用來解決編碼上的問題,常用在字串,陣列或鏈結串列 (Linked list)中。 此演算法可以幫助我們對某些資料結構做某種方式的排序,例如[977. Squares of a Sorted Array](https://leetcode.com/problems/squares-of-a-sorted-array/)或[283. Move Zeroes](https://leetcode.com/problems/move-zeroes/)等等,$$它可以幫助我們將時間複雜度從O(n^2) 或是 O(n^3) 縮減成 O(n)$$ 而根據字串或陣列是否有排序,利用`Two Pointers`演算法,時間複雜度最差為`O(n logn)`更好為`O(n)`。 ## 左右指標 一個從頭開始,另一個從結尾 ![](https://i.imgur.com/QGni2t4.gif) (圖片來自[Basics of Two Pointers Technique](https://cdragon.medium.com/basics-of-two-pointers-technique-e1a0df57ba7e)) ### 範例題目 利用leetcode[167. Two Sum II - Input Array Is Sorted](https://leetcode.com/problems/two-sum-ii-input-array-is-sorted/)來做練習,這題題目會跟[1. Two Sum](https://leetcode.com/problems/two-sum/)有點相似,但作法有限制,廢話不多說先來看題目。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/Z1wNyRc.jpg) #### 題目說明 給定一個非降序排序的數組,需要找到哪兩個索引位置的值加起來會等於`target`,並將其索引位置加一數組返回`[index1 + 1, index2 + 1]` 1. 只能使用恆定的記憶體 2. 不能兩次使用相同的元素 3. `1 <= index1 < index2 <= numbers.length` #### 圖解 利用`Example 1`來做分解 ![](https://i.imgur.com/nEnGWIc.jpg) #### 解題 將上述圖解轉換成程式碼 ```javascript= /** * @param {number[]} numbers * @param {number} target * @return {number[]} */ var twoSum = function(numbers, target) { let left = 0; let right = numbers.length - 1; while (left < right) { let sum = numbers[left] + numbers[right]; if (sum === target) { return [left + 1, right + 1]; } else if (sum < target) { left++; } else { right--; } } }; ``` ![](https://i.imgur.com/Cq2btAL.jpg) ### 更多相關練習題目 [977. Squares of a Sorted Array](https://leetcode.com/problems/squares-of-a-sorted-array/) [283. Move Zeroes](https://leetcode.com/problems/move-zeroes/) [344. Reverse String](https://leetcode.com/problems/reverse-string/) [557. Reverse Words in a String III](https://leetcode.com/problems/reverse-words-in-a-string-iii/) ## 快慢指標 相同的方向但是一個速度慢一個速度快 ![](https://i.imgur.com/5mLPifZ.gif) (圖片來自[Basics of Two Pointers Technique](https://cdragon.medium.com/basics-of-two-pointers-technique-e1a0df57ba7e)) ### 範例題目 利用[876. Middle of the Linked List](https://leetcode.com/problems/middle-of-the-linked-list/)做練習 ![](https://i.imgur.com/N2XnngW.jpg) #### 題目說明 給定一個鏈結串列,回傳一個鏈結串列的中間節點,假如有兩個中間節點則回傳第二個中間節點。 #### 圖解 利用快慢指標解題 ![](https://i.imgur.com/Piu8Znb.jpg) #### 解題 將上述圖解轉換成程式碼 ```javascript= /** * Definition for singly-linked list. * function ListNode(val, next) { * this.val = (val===undefined ? 0 : val) * this.next = (next===undefined ? null : next) * } */ /** * @param {ListNode} head * @return {ListNode} */ var middleNode = function(head) { let slow = head; let fast = head; while(fast && fast.next){ slow = slow.next; fast = fast.next.next; } return slow; }; ``` ### 更多相關練習題目 [19. Remove Nth Node From End of List](https://leetcode.com/problems/remove-nth-node-from-end-of-list/) ## 更多例題 [leetcode two-pointers tag](https://leetcode.com/tag/two-pointers/) By. @joe94113
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