張鉉宗 Sean
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    # (一) Git 基礎操作: 建立分支及提交 ## 1. 建立分支 在本地端建立新的分支`issue77` ```git $ git checkout -b issue77 ``` 這相當於執行下面這兩條命令: ```git= $ git branch issue77 $ git checkout issue77 ``` ## 2. 把檔案交給Git控管 在提交檔案之前,先使用`git status`這個指令查詢現在這個目錄的「狀態」 ```git $ git status On branch master Initial commit nothing to commit (create/copy files and use "git add" to track) ``` 新增一個文件`README.md`至目錄下,再次使用`git status`查看 ```git $ git status On branch master Initial commit Untracked files: (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed) REAMME.md nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track) ``` 狀態陳列`Untracked files`的檔案表示該檔案尚未被加入到Git版控系統裡,還沒正式Git追蹤。使用`git add FILENAME`的指令來新增 ```git $ git add README.md ``` 再次使用`git status`來查看目前狀態,檔案從`Untracked`變成`new file`的狀態,表示這個檔案已經被安置到暫存區(Staging Area),等待其他檔案一起被提交到儲存庫。 ## 3. 提交 commit 下達`git commit [branch-name]`來提交這次的更新,並且為這次的更新撰寫其目的以及內容,關於提交訊息的撰寫有良好的規範,可以查看 [Git 提交訊息範例](https://hackmd.io/@m58FqDWWT_W3mUMvosHQGg/H1d-NM_ur) 來編纂你的提交訊息。 ```git $ git commit issue77 ``` 寫好提交訊息後,下達`:x`執行提交。 --- ### :bulb:【狀況】: 追加檔案到最近一次commit > 剛完成提交就發現有小錯誤或是有檔案忘了加進去,但又不想為此再重新發一個commit。 使用`--amend`參數進行提交 例如`README.md`檔案欲新增至最近的一次提交。一樣將使用`git add`新增至暫存區: ```git $ git add README.md ``` 接著在提交的時候加上`--amend`參數: ``` $ git commit --amend --no-edit ``` 如此一來就可以把檔案併入上一次提交,而參數`--no-edit`表示我不需要編輯提交訊息,所以不會跳出編輯器視窗。 ###### tags: `git`

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