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    # Something about reCAPTCHA 想必大家在創建帳戶時,都有遇過必須打勾一個「我不是機器人」的方塊,有些則是輸入圖中的數字等等驗證碼。 而前者是reCAPTCHA,後者通常為CAPTCHA。 今天我們主要著重在reCAPTCHA,但也會談到CAPTCHA,並做一些簡單的介紹、破解與如何寫出CAPTCHA等等。 而我們若要談到 reCAPTCHA,我們必須先來談談CAPTCHA。 --- ## CAPTCHA * 為一種區分人類與機器的公共自動程式。 * 由演算法生成,用來辨識使用者是否為魁儡程式。 * 根據CAPTCHA的定義,該演算法必須公開。 * 通常運用在登入頁面與創建帳戶時,確保不會出現大量機器人用戶進行垃圾訊息騷擾等。 簡單來說,CAPTCHA就是我們俗稱的驗證碼。 ### CAPTCHA長什麼樣子 ![](https://i.imgur.com/ukntfzp.png) 圖源:https://www.searchabledesign.com/blog/post/what-is-captcha 這是最基本的CAPTCHA,後來因為破解程式越來越強大,所以也演變出了許多不同的樣式,例如出現小圓點、直線干擾等等。 ### CAPTCHA原理 隨機生成字符並保存至session,並以圖片呈現給使用者。 再將前端頁面使用者輸入的字串與後端比對。 前端、後端:前端通常指稱為給使用者使用的頁面,後端為系統管理者所使用的頁面。 **總結:系統生成字串後將其轉變成圖片,再給使用者填答。填答完成後與一開始的資料進行核對。** ### CAPTCHA生成 因為網路上很多所以我就不寫了(? 詳情請看: * https://dotblogs.com.tw/dotnetfactory/2008/04/10/2772 * https://syu65406.tw/blog/345/phpajax%E5%AF%A6%E4%BD%9C%E7%B0%A1%E6%98%93%E5%9C%96%E5%BD%A2%E9%A9%97%E8%AD%89%E7%A2%BC 等等 值得一提的是,通常寫CAPTCHA會需要用到AJAX等。 這裡我想提出來討論AJAX。 * AJAX是一種非同步XML與JavaScript的技術。白話來說就是一般情況下使用者送出一個指令(包含整個網頁),伺服器將指令執行處理完畢後再將整個網頁回傳給使用者,而通常有一大部分是沒有改變的,這相當耗費資源。AJAX技術改善了這整個流程,並大大提升網頁的互動性。這裡就不過多著墨了,詳情請見 https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/articles/10159178 ### CAPTCHA破解 因為網路上很多所以我就不寫了(? * https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/26078299 * https://github.com/topics/captcha-breaking 等等 都有很多資訊 --- 好了 終於把CAPTCHA結束掉了0u0 接下來終於可以進入正題了 --- ## reCAPTCHA reCAPTCHA是基於CAPTCHA技術的一個偉大計劃-讓全世界的書籍數位化。 而書籍數位化時常有許多無法辨識的字,將其擷取下來,透過每次的瀏覽與CAPTCHA讓真人輸入字串,若該圖片被許多使用者輸入為同個字,即回傳至數據庫。 換句話說,我們每次的瀏覽網站可能都是正在幫助書籍數位化,是個偉大的舉動。 ### 為什麼只要點一下,Google 就知道我是真人? 想必大家一定有相同疑惑,點擊按鈕這件事機器人也做得到吧? ![](https://i.imgur.com/H4BRBFE.png) 其實點擊方框後,你會傳送一組資料到google的伺服器,由伺服器進行判斷你到底是不是真人,資料包括你的IP、滑鼠軌跡等等。 這就是所謂的noCAPTCHA reCAPTCHA 而若你的分數過低,google就會進行reCAPTCHA。 在你每次幫google進行點擊含有紅綠燈的圖片的時候,可能都是幫google maps變得更美好。 ![](https://i.imgur.com/ei5DQGC.png) ###### tags: `每週科普`

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