呂晉豪
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    # An Easy Problem!(UVA10093) ## [程式繳交區](https://hackmd.io/@Renektonn/SkOUVNydyx/edit) ## 題目 [點我](https://onlinejudge.org/index.php?option=com_onlinejudge&Itemid=8&category=24&page=show_problem&problem=1034) ## 演算法 ``` 1. 輸入str,若無法,則停止 2. 讓所有字元(數字、英文字母)都能對應一個數字, 2. 比如說,'9'對應到9,'A'對應到10,'B'對應到11 3. 先找出str中最大的字元,再利用2的方法,獲取最小可能的進位制N 3. 並且獲得str中所有數字加總sum 4. for i = N to 62: 4.1 若i - 1整除sum,輸出i 5. 輸出"such number is impossible!" 6. 回到1 ``` ## 程式碼 ```cpp= #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int mapping (char c) { int n = -1; if ('0' <= c and c <= '9') { n = c - '0'; } else if ('A' <= c and c <= 'Z') { n = c - 'A' + 10; } else if ('a' <= c and c <= 'z') { n = c - 'a' + 36; } return n; } int main() { string str; while (cin >> str) { int idx = 0; while (mapping(str[idx]) == -1) { idx++; } int N = 2; for (int i = idx; i < str.size(); i++) { N = max(N, mapping(str[i]) + 1); } int sum = 0; for (int i = idx; i < str.size(); i++) { sum += mapping(str[i]); } int flag = 1; for (int i = N; i <= 62; i++) { if (sum % (i - 1) == 0) { cout << i << endl; flag = 0; break; } } if (flag) { cout << "such number is impossible!" << endl; } } return 0; } ``` ## 解題步驟 #### 1. 了解題意 #### 2. 設計演算法 想法: - 將R轉為10進位,就可以算出最小的N是多少,最後印出答案。 問題: - 給定R,但不知道R的base是多少,這樣就沒辦法先轉成10進位,再算出N是多少。 想法: - 為了改善上述問題,窮舉所有可能的base(2~62),再對照回去。 問題: - 最差情況是62進位,假設他輸入長度為100,最大的數會到62^100,long long也存不進去 想法: - 利用數學推導,減少數字範圍 設abc為N進位,則 $$ abc = aN^2 + bN + c $$ $$ = a(N-1)^2 + b(N-1) + 2aN -a + b + c$$ $$ = a(N-1)^2 + b(N-1) + 2a(N-1) + a + b + c$$ - 判斷abc是否被(N-1)整除,等價於判斷a+b+c是否被(N-1)整除 - 最差情況是62進位,假設他輸入長度為100,最大的數會到62*100,int就存得進去了 #### 3. 實際做一次 #### 4. 確定測資範圍 - 由Each line in the input file will contain an integer (as defined in mathematics) number of any integer base (2..62). 所以輸入的數是integer,包含正整數、0、負整數,而且前面可能包含空格 負整數跟空格的問題在第12行有做處理,遇到0則是直接輸出2 - 由於最多到62進位 可能包含字母,所以要用字串存 - 題目沒講字串長度多少 假設字串長度為100,long long也存不進去,才會使用以上的演算法。 #### 5. 檢查輸出格式 a'\n' b'\n' c'\n' ## 後記 其實這題蠻難的吧,怎麼只有一顆星 :::warning 輸入都是合法的,除了開頭可能會有+-號以外,其他字元都是,0~9, A~Z, a~z 若直接將輸入的數字轉為十進制,會overflow :::

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