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tags:
量子電腦
量子電腦是什麼?
量子電腦是一種基於量子力學的計算設備。
量子力學 ( QuantumMechanics ) : 描述在極小尺度下物體 ( 如原子、電子等 ) 的行為。根據量子力學,對於此類微小東西,或是超導等極低溫冷卻的物質,會發生一些不可思議的現象。
量子計算 ( QuantumComputing ) : 積極利用量子力學特有的物理狀態打造的電腦,即是量子電腦,使用它執行運算可以對於某些問題的解決速度更優於傳統計算。
量子電腦的發展背景
第一次量子革命
電晶體 積體電路 雷射 磁共振影像 核能發電
第二次量子革命
量子電腦
量子資訊(量子計算、量子演算法、量子通訊)
量子通訊(加密、快速)
量子感測(高精確度、高解析度)
量子模擬(用於新藥品或材料開發)
量子人工智慧
量子金融(投資組合管理、風險評估與管理)
量子摩爾定律
\(\displaystyle 2^{2^2}、2^{2^3}、2^{2^4}...\)
量子電腦的種類
- The image file may be corrupted
- The server hosting the image is unavailable
- The image path is incorrect
- The image format is not supported
Learn More →e.g.容錯量子電腦
- The image file may be corrupted
- The server hosting the image is unavailable
- The image path is incorrect
- The image format is not supported
Learn More →- The image file may be corrupted
- The server hosting the image is unavailable
- The image path is incorrect
- The image format is not supported
Learn More →e.g.NISQ ( Noise Intermediate-Scale Quantum )
- The image file may be corrupted
- The server hosting the image is unavailable
- The image path is incorrect
- The image format is not supported
Learn More →e.g.量子退火機
量子計算模型種類
通用型 ( universal ):
特化型
范紐曼架構 ( von Neumann architecture )
基本架構為"CPU中央處理器+記憶體",有內儲程式的方式,並由CPU、記憶體、匯流排所構成。
量子電腦被定位為非范紐曼架構電腦 ( non-von Neumann architecture ),但相較於GPU、FPGA、TPU ( tensor processing unit, 張量處理器 ) 等歸類在古典計算,使用量子性的量子計算有著本質上的差異。
量子電腦適合解決的問題
可在多項式時間內解決的問題 ( 問題的輸入數量為\(N\) ):
尚未找到多項式時間解法的問題 ( 問題的輸入數量為\(N\) ):
量子計算對於古典計算有著上位相容性 ( upper compatibility ) ,能夠被古典電腦解決的問題,全部都能用量子電腦解決。
- The image file may be corrupted
- The server hosting the image is unavailable
- The image path is incorrect
- The image format is not supported
Learn More →