技術宅蛤仔
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    > *未完成* > 蛤仔編輯到這裡發現一堆坑,可能一日下班時間講不完。我之後再適當拆解各主題。 # FDM型3D列印機概念解說 ![](https://i.imgur.com/V6PzShi.jpg) 此篇介紹是為有一台以上3dp的使用者編撰,以蛤仔以前在超微量分析實驗室校準各種儀器時的共通概念去調機。 一般FDM 3D列印機是誤差未知的"家用機器" 蛤仔玩3dp的八年左右嘗試帶入統計工具與實驗等方法,去整合成已知並盡可能壓縮誤差且具有再現性的"類工業機器"。 所以我從底層馬達原理、韌體、各類sensor、運動控制、市售零件等都盡可能研究了一圈,淘寶購物筆數也從幾十筆到今天的六百筆。 > 校正就是測定誤差並縮小誤差的迴圈。 簡言之就是先測定目前誤差狀態的數據,再來用一些手段拉小與目標值的距離。 至於能把誤差壓到多小,取決於你的誤差測定手法、調整手法、紀錄習慣、零件精度等。 了解自己是在什麼需求條件,再去選用匹配等級的零件很重要。 此外,我們作為基準參考的"標準品"概念也很重要, 測尺寸>卡尺0.02mm 測重複定位精度>百分錶0.01mm 測重量>電子天平 ## 不簡單的量測-精度與準度的意義 ![](https://i.imgur.com/eD0uYHA.png) 影片中的簡報 ## 機器調整 ### 學習目標 測定自己機器的各項數據,並依數據調整好3dp,目標是讓切片軟體模擬出的路徑,能符合真實機器列印狀況,而不是使用相對調整法去try出一個部分參數未知的經驗常數。 這套概念與流程建起來可以讓你可以調好任何笛卡爾式3dp,或甚至在往後能應用在別種儀器的調校上。 除了準以外還希望在保持可接受精度的條件下盡可能快速列印。 ### 使用工具 游標卡尺、Excel、記事本、SD卡、USB線、15cm左右的尺 ### 調整項目 1. 溫度PID 2. E軸實際擠入校正 3. 擠出線寬校正 4. 首層調整 ### 開始調 1. 熱床/熱端PID自動調整步驟蛤仔已有錄製影片 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tiI0MKdcLE8 2. E軸實際擠入校正 校正E擠入的Step/mm (M92指令) 1. 準備尺與奇異筆 2. 加熱噴頭到列印溫度 3. 找料可跑的路徑,遠端請把料管拔出熱端測出料多少,近端取從擠出機入口往前回推200mm做一記號 4. 對機器下命令擠100mm出來,耐心等候。 5. 測量實際走多少距離,精確到0.5mm,測得距離為x。 6. 找到你印表機advance setting 內的E軸mm/step值,此值為y。 7. 計算校正值z=y*100/x 8. 設定E軸mm/step值為z 9. M500指令存檔 3. 0.4噴嘴擠出線寬校正 ![50x50x20方形薄殼](https://i.imgur.com/OOOJIEo.png) 50x50x20線寬校正用薄殼 1. 切片以噴嘴口徑線寬列印方框薄殼,用校正過的卡尺測定線寬。用CAD軟體隨意生出一個50*50*20實心方塊,使用切片切成只有單層外殼。 2. 以卡尺實際測定四邊線寬,注意別夾到底部,底部通常會比較胖,我們要讓夾出數值修正到接近0.44mm多退少補,可以選用切片上的流量(Flow rate)增減,或是下去修Step/mm直到符合0.44+-0.02為止,切片上的線寬維持0.42mm但實際印出要是0.44,或是看你要追成哪個線寬可以自己設定,但實際值要比設定值高0.02。 3. 到S3D Infill頁籤,改Infill Extrudsion Width 為97%,overlap設40%。 4. 列印50mm方塊測試,觀察線寬是否填充正常。不滿意可以自行增減擠出流量。 4. 馬達電流最佳化 *未完 5. 運動參數調整 *未完 6. 首層調整 *未完 ## 尺寸校正篇 *未完 ### 學習目標 *未完 ## 主筆-蛤仔簡介 高職資訊(電子)科->環工研究所->志願役->某工業電腦公司的萬能工程師 從電子學、畫卡諾圖、8051學起到現在的arduino,又玩到Mega2560,嗅到RAMPS板就入坑3dp到現在了。不只3dp跟arduino,這之外也挖了很多坑,但那是其他故事了。

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