# Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: Policy Paper

https://www.internetsociety.org/doc/artificial-intelligence-and-machine-learning-policy-paper

## Foreword

Artificial intelligence is a technology that is already impacting how users interact with, and are affected by the Internet. In the near future, its impact is likely to only continue to grow. AI has the potential to vastly change the way that humans interact, not only with the digital world, but also with each other, through their work and through other socioeconomic institutions – for better or for worse.

If we are to ensure that the impact of artificial intelligence will be positive, it will be essential that all stakeholders participate in the debates surrounding AI.

In this paper, we seek to provide an introduction to AI to policymakers and other stakeholders in the wider Internet ecosystem.

The paper explains the basics of the technology behind AI, identifies the key considerations and challenges surrounding the technology, and provides several high-level principles and recommendations to follow when dealing with the technology.

If more stakeholders bring their points of view and expertise to the discussions surrounding AI, we are confident that its challenges can be addressed and the vast benefits the technology offers can be realized.

## Executive Summary

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a rapidly advancing technology, made possible by the Internet, that may soon have significant impacts on our everyday lives. AI traditionally refers to an artificial creation of human-like intelligence that can learn, reason, plan, perceive, or process natural language[1] . These traits allow AI to bring immense socioeconomic opportunities, while also posing ethical and socio-economic challenges.

As AI is an Internet enabled technology, the Internet Society recognizes that understanding the opportunities and challenges associated with AI is critical to developing an Internet that people can trust.

This policy paper offers a look at key considerations regarding AI, including a set of guiding principles and recommendations to help those involved in policy making make sound decisions. Of specific focus is machine learning, a particular approach to AI and the driving force behind recent developments.

Instead of programming the computer every step of the way, machine learning makes use of learning algorithms that make inferences from data to learn new tasks.

As machine learning is used more often in products and services, there are some significant considerations when it comes to users’ trust in the Internet. Several issues must be considered when addressing AI, including, socio-economic impacts; issues of transparency, bias, and accountability; new uses for data, considerations of security and safety, ethical issues; and, how AI facilitates the creation of new ecosystems.

隨著機器學習在產品和服務中的使用越來越多，在用戶對網際網路的信任方面有一些至關重要的考量。在處理AI時必須考慮到一些課題，包括社會經濟影響；演算法透明，偏見和課責的問題；數據的新用途，資訊安全和安保的考慮，倫理問題；以及AI如何有助於創造新的生態系統。

At the same time, in this complex field, there are specific challenges facing AI, which include: a lack of transparency and interpretability in decision-making; issues of data quality and potential bias; safety and security implications; considerations regarding accountability; and, its potentially disruptive impacts on social and economic structures.

同時在這個複雜的領域，AI面臨的具體挑戰包括：決策缺乏透明度和可解釋性；數據品質和潛在偏見的問題；資訊安全和安保方面的影響；對課責制的考慮；對社會和經濟結構的潛在破壞性影響等。

In evaluating the different considerations and understanding the various challenges, the Internet Society has developed a set of principles and recommendations in reference to what we believe are the core “abilities”[2] that underpin the value the Internet provides.

網際網路協會在評估不同的因素和了解各種挑戰時，制定了一套原則和建議。這份建議參考了我們認為基於網際網路價值所能提供的核心「能力」[2]。

While the deployment of AI in Internet based services is not new, the current trend points to AI as an increasingly important factor in the Internet’s future development and use. As such, these guiding principles and recommendations are a first attempt to guide the debate going forward. They include: ethical considerations in deployment and design; ensuring the “Interpretability” of AI systems; empowering the consumer; responsibility in the deployment of AI systems; ensuring accountability; and, creating a social and economic environment that is formed through the open participation of different stakeholders.

雖然在網際網路服務中部署人工智慧並非新鮮事，但目前的趨勢表明，人力資源仍然是網際網路現在和未來發展且日益重要的因素。因此，這些指導原則和建議，是引導今後辯論的第一個嘗試。它們包括：部署和設計的倫理考量；確保人工智慧系統的「解釋性」；賦予消費者權力；部署AI系統的責任；確保責任；並且通過多億利益相關者的公眾參與，形成人工智慧發展的社會和經濟環境。