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    # <center>IPO案例</center> ## <IPO案例一:緯穎> ### ==ㄧ、公司IPO成功之後~現在的發展狀況== #### 公司成立:2012/03/03 #### 上市日期:2019/03/27 ### 二、成功關鍵因素 #### 伺服器產業的崛起 #### 白牌伺服器廠的日益重要 #### 良好的品牌開發策略、一舉抓住重要客戶 #### 1.伺服器產業 - 產業環境 - 中游伺服器產業,主要分為兩種商業模式:傳統的ODM代工、ODM Direct(白牌) - 傳統的ODM代工,即是品牌商去找伺服器代工廠進行代工,再由品牌商進行銷售。現今主要的品牌商以外商為主,像是DELL、HPE、聯想、浪潮。 - 而ODM Direct(白牌),即是終端客戶跳過品牌商,直接找到伺服器代工廠購買規格化與客製化的伺服器。這樣的模式源於大型企業因應業務需求的上升,對伺服器的需求快速增加,而跳過品牌商,能為這些企業帶來兩個好處:第一、降低伺服器的進貨成本。第二、藉由購買客製化的伺服器,以縮短硬體升級的時間 - 產業成長性 - 市場對於超大型資料中心的需求 - 大數據時代的來臨,使得公司、政府在決策制定的過程中,除了基於傳統的經驗與直覺外,更多的是仰賴數據資料的分析結果,因此數據的運算、處理與儲存變得日益重要,也因應帶動了超大型資料中心的需求,來提高無論是數據的儲存效率、降低傳輸延遲。而隨著超大型資料中心的數量不斷增加,更帶動伺服器的需求 - 下圖可以看到,當時超大型資料中心數的持續成長 - ![](https://i.imgur.com/kpWY7uR.png =400x) - 雲端服務的成長 - 雲端服務供應商的加入,出現了許多雲端平台(如Amazon的AWS、Microsoft的Azure、Google的GCP),越來越多的企業傾向透過雲端服務來幫助自己達到數位轉型,帶動雲端市場的成長 ; 而這些雲端供應商隨著客戶需求的上升,更增加對於伺服器硬體的需求 - 下圖可看到,在雲端市場的持續成長強勁 - ![](https://i.imgur.com/nJ8QChe.png =400x) - ==BCG?== - ==PESTLE?== #### 2.公司自身優勢(公司可以成功IPO的優勢) - 競爭優勢 - 白牌伺服器的興起 - 在前述所提到,在超大型資料中心的成長與雲端平台環境的成熟下,使得一般企業不再自建伺服器,而是選擇使用如AWS、Azure、GCP等雲端平台。這些雲端平台背後的供應商(如Amazon、Microsoft、Google),隨著客戶需求的上升,在基於成本的考量,絕大多數都不會去選擇品牌商(傳統的ODM代工,如DELL、HPE)所提供的伺服器,而是會選擇台灣廠商所製造的白牌伺服器(ODM Direct模式),既可以壓低成本,更滿足客製化的需求。白牌伺服器的需求快速成長 - 緯穎作為白牌伺服器的廠商,主要客戶多為這些雲端平台的供應商,提供他們開放式伺服器機架組裝及主機板設計、生產服務,其中最大的兩個客戶:Facebook、Microsoft,更是佔營收的90%。根據IDC的2018年上半年資料顯示,緯穎在當時已經拿下ODM Direct市場約29.5%市占率,位居第二名。 - ==波特五力分析?== #### ==3.前期規劃階段作為== #### ==4.登錄興櫃、承銷造勢&配售階段的作為== ### 三、未來發展 #### 1.新冠疫情的推波助瀾 - 2019年末的新冠疫情,大規模改變人們的生活型態,使得遠距工作、教育、線上購物等活動快速興起,使其相關的業務運算與雲端儲存需求暴增,更驅使大規模資料中心的需求快速成長。 #### 2.後疫情時代的科技需求 - 進入到後疫情時代,由於目前科技(5G、人工智慧、串流服務、虛擬實境與原宇宙等)對於數據、雲端產業的需求日漸劇增。這些技術需要更高速的運算能力,更大的雲端儲存容量、與更低的網路延遲流量,更持續帶動對於伺服器的需求。 #### - 白牌伺服器需求持續成長? 根據IDC的資料顯示,2021年Q2伺服器的市占率,前六大伺服器品牌商佔據了51.4%,而白牌伺服器則佔據了32.2%,且後者比重不斷增加,如下圖所示 - ![](https://i.imgur.com/GQVLzL0.png) ## <IPO案例一:八方> ### ==ㄧ、公司IPO成功之後~現在的發展狀況== #### 公司成立:2000/01/19 #### 上市日期:2021/09/09 ### 二、成功關鍵因素 #### 1.餐飲產業 - 產業環境 - 多元的市場 - 隨著經濟的成長,國民所得逐漸提高,人們的生活品質逐漸上升,也改變了台灣人的飲食消費習慣。人們對於多元的飲食需求逐漸上升,也使得原先的餐飲產業愈加多元,異國料理快速發展,但也使歐美、日韓國際知名品牌加入台灣市場,使得競爭加劇。 - 轉型的過渡階段 - 疫情深遠的影響了人們的生活模式,減少了人們的消費習慣,使得外出用餐的機會大幅下降,而絕大多數餐飲業的服務形式,都是以現場提供餐點為主。因此,生活型態的改變,大大的改變了餐飲業,多數業者已經開始透過電商平台轉型,來迎合消費者的需求。 - 產業成長性 - 市場逐漸趨於飽和 - 下圖是104年~108年我國餐飲業之銷售額,我們可以看到餐飲業的成長逐漸緩,市場趨於飽和,而這正是源於餐飲業的幾個重要特性:入門門檻低、勞力密集度高、餐點與服務容易複製與模仿,使得餐飲市場的供給方上升速度大於需求方,讓產業內的競爭者日益增加、競爭激烈。 - 新冠疫情的衝擊 - 根據經濟部的資料統計,餐飲業全年的營業額在2019年為8116億元,2020年為7776億元、2021年更下降到7210億元,也就是說,餐飲業已經連續兩年負成長,2021年減6.4%,是近十年來的最大減幅,更是史上第二大減幅。更為餐飲市場的成長空間帶了困境。 - ![](https://i.imgur.com/phAtFBQ.png =400x) #### - 餐飲業面臨的困境:內部成本壓力、外部競爭壓力 - 內部成本壓力 - 根據經濟部108年所做的餐飲業經營實況調查結果顯示,餐飲業者目前所面臨的困難包括「人事成本過高」、「人員流動率高」及「食材成本波動大」,顯示成本控制乃餐飲業最重視的關鍵要素,尤其是近年來基本工資的調漲與物價攀升,給予餐飲業莫大的壓力。 - 外部競爭壓力 - 餐飲業上述的幾個重要特性:入門門檻低、勞力密集度高、餐點與服務容易複製與模仿,使得餐飲業的競爭激烈。規模較小、主打平價餐飲的業者,除了彼此削價競爭,更需要擔心大品牌的加入,瓜分平價市場的商機 ; 而隨著台灣人飲食習慣的改變,越來越多國際品牌進軍台灣市場,加劇餐飲產業的競爭壓力 - ==BCG?== - ==PESTLE?== #### 2.公司自身優勢(公司可以成功IPO的優勢) - 儘管餐飲業的產業成長性面臨市場的飽和與疫情的衝擊,但八方仍異軍突起,透過自身的優勢開闢了一條新的道路 - 競爭優勢 - 規模經濟 - 標準化管理 - 多品牌延伸 - 波特五力分析 #### ==3.前期規劃階段作為== #### ==4.登錄興櫃、承銷造勢&配售階段的作為== ### 三、未來發展 ## <比較兩個IPO案例> ## 參考資料 https://blog.fugle.tw/server-report-2022/ https://www.mirrormedia.mg/story/20210208fin013/ https://www.money.com.tw/invest/article/174691 https://www.businesstoday.com.tw/article/category/183025/post/202203020063/ https://www.twtrend.com/trend-detail/food-and-beverage-service-activities-2021/ https://blog.fugle.tw/8-way-analysis-2021/ https://blog.fugle.tw/8-way-earnings-call-q2-2021/

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