Assembly Language
Chapter 1: Basic Concepts

NTNU 組合語言

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Back to Assembly Language

tags: NTNU CSIE 選修 Assembly Language

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• Assembly Language Chapter 1: Basic Concepts
  • 1.1 Welcome to Assembly Language
    • 1.1.3 Section Review
  • 1.2 Virtual Machine Concept
    • 1.2.1 Section Review
  • 1.3 Data Representation
    • 1.3.1 Binary Integers
    • 1.3.2 Binary Addition
    • 1.3.3 Integer Storage Sizes
    • 1.3.4 Hexadecimal Integers
    • 1.3.5 Hexadecimal Addition
    • 1.3.6 Signed Binary Integers
    • 1.3.7 Binary subtraction
    • 1.3.8 Character Storage
    • Boolean Operations

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1.1 Welcome to Assembly Language

• Some representative types of applications
  • Business application for single platform
  • Hardware device driver
  • Business application for multiple platforms
  • Embedded systems & computer games

Comparing ASM to High-Level Languages

1.1.3 Section Review

1.2 Virtual Machine Concept

1.2.1 Section Review

• Tanenbaum: Virtual machine concept
• Programming Language analogy
  • Each computer has a native machine language (language L0) that runs directly on its hardware
  • A more human-friendly language is usually constructed above machine language, called Language L1
• Programs written in L1 can run two different ways:
  • Interpretation
    • L0 program interprets and executes L1 instructions one by one
  • Translation
    • L1 program is completely translated into an L0 program, which then runs on the computer hardware

Virtual Machines

Translating Languages

• English: Display the sum of A times B plus C
• C++
  ​​​​    cout << A * B + C;
  

• Assembly Language
  ​mov eax, A
  ​mul B
  ​add eax, C
  ​call WriteInt
  

• Intel Machine Language
  ​A1 00000000
  ​F7 25 00000004
  ​03 05 00000008
  ​E8 00500000
  

Specific Machine Levels

• Level 4 - High-Level Language
  • Application-oriented languages
    • C++, Java, Pascal, Visual Basic . . .
  • Programs compile into Level 3(assembly language)
• Level 3 - Assembly Language
  • Instruction mnemonics(指令助憶) that have a one-to-one correspondence to machine language
  • Programs are translated into Level 2(ISA)
• Level 2 - Instruction Set Architecture (ISA)
  • Also known as conventional machine language
  • Executed by Level 1(Digital Logic)
• Level 1 - Digital Logic
  • CPU, constructed from digital logic gates
  • System bus
  • Memory
  • Implemented using bipolar transistors

1.3 Data Representation

1.3.1 Binary Integers

• Translating between binary and decimal
• MSB - most significant bit
• LSB - least significant bit

1.3.2 Binary Addition

沒什麼重點

1.3.3 Integer Storage Sizes

1.3.4 Hexadecimal Integers

• Translating between decimal and hexadecimal

1.3.5 Hexadecimal Addition

1.3.6 Signed Binary Integers

1.3.7 Binary subtraction

1.3.8 Character Storage

Boolean Operations