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    # 新浪微博高可用架構體系 - 李慶豐 {%hackmd yEJ_rTxzTWa2K450RqmT8w %} ### 前言 2009年 微博成立 技術隨著微博成長 目標: - 了解億級用戶規模的大型服務典型場景和面臨的挑戰 - 了解社群常用 CAP 解決方案 - 理解大型互聯網服務高可用架構的常用解決方案 ### 新浪微博的業務場景和技術挑戰 - 140字的上限 1. 訂閱模式 2. 推送(根據用戶) 3. 熱搜 4. 09年 服務模塊少(發佈,信息流) now 服務 > 100 16年 月活躍用戶 2.82億 一 4.86 億 日活躍用戶 2.1億 年對年增長 5500 萬 財務營收 29.59 億 無論多小的服務出問題影響層面都是百萬級 用戶規模大,需要海量資訊存儲能力 日常高頻應用,要有容災能力 用戶請求量巨大,性能要求高 難預測流量峰值,突發事件無法預估 突發事件: - 娛樂事件 志玲姊姊結婚 - 政治事件 微博場景下,高可用架構體系面臨的挑戰 1. 數據存不下了,請求扛不住了 容量問題 2. 服務響應太慢,資源成本太高了 性能問題 3. 服務之間依賴問題 依賴問題 4. 專線、機房故障導致不可用 容災考慮 ### 微博高可用架構體系構建 - 容量問題 - 存儲容量 - 監控 海量數據存儲架構 - 請求容量 - 監控 高並發架構 - 性能問題 - 監控,分佈式緩存架構 - 服務依賴問題 - 監控、微服務架構、SLA 體系、服務治理、容器化 - 容災問題 - 監控、多機房架構 海量數據存儲架構 分布式緩存架構 微服務 容器化 多機房架構 **容量規則和成本平衡的技術挑戰 ** 1. 讀寫比例的嚴重失調 - 讀寫分離 在不同的服務器分擔 2. 單機容量瓶頸 - 水平拆分 - 垂直拆分(按時間軸拆分) 3. 業務快速增長帶來的容量問題 考慮三個月內,三個月後,一年內的可用性 - 容量規劃 - 儲存容量 - 請求容量 - 切忌拍腦袋 - 成本考慮 - mem or disk - 成本與擴展能力 - 冗余度 MySQL 內建提供讀寫分離,將資料庫分為供讀取使用與供寫入使用,通常讀取的多 舊資料,較沒人看的遷移到較差的機器,新資料比較熱門的放在比較強的機器 快取緩存也是一樣做區分,並有 master/slave 主備機制,避免掛掉一瞬間大量資料湧入 DB,拖垮 DB 緩存越多,一旦垮掉 DB 死掉的機會越大 故障處理:用備用處理? 解決擴展問題 - 請求量瓶頸 - 拆分 - 帶寬瓶頸 - N 是越大越好嗎? - 會增加請求次數 影響性能 - 線性擴展架構 各服務分別用 tomcat 容器拆分,但會衍伸各服務溝通調用效率的性能問題 服務間調用問題用 RPC 來解較直接,會比 http 來的快 Docker 解決性能、部署問題 混合雲:一般流量用內部機房,突發狀況流量用公有雲支援 多機房:所有機房都提供完整服務,但會衍生資料同步問題 - CAP(一致性,可用性,錯誤容忍度) 服務最前端都有即時監控體系 ### 新業務場景下的挑戰 #### Weibo Mesh 網路 ###### tags: `MW19`

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