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    # 植物認識與應用(自然科學領域) > 筆記整理 > [name=Chien-Hsun, Chang 張健勳] :::info * 學院:國立臺中科技大學通識教育中心 * 授課教授:徐光明 * 上課教室:3302 ::: ## 目錄 >[TOC] :::warning 此筆記由「智產技優三1 張健勳(1411068014)」同學整理,若您發現有任何問題或錯誤請發送電子郵件至 `s1411068014@nutc.edu.tw` 反應。 ::: --- # 期中考 ## 命名 1. 以人得名:<font color=RED>棣慕華鳳仙花</font> 2. 以物得名:台東蘇鐵 3. 以色得名:<font color=ORANGE>黃花鳳仙花</font>、<font color=PURPLE>紫花鳳仙花</font> 4. 以生長地得名:水冬瓜 5. 以紋路得名:菊花木 6. 以動物形得名:馬鞍藤 7. 以氣味得名:七里香(月菊) 8. 以時得名:聖誕紅 9. 以數得名:九層塔 10. 以其用得名:颱風草(用於占卜) 11. 以味道得名:羅氏鹽膚木 12. 以其為外來得名:胡桃、西番蓮、番茄、番薯 13. 以其附屬物得名:雙面刺 ### 常混淆的 + 鐵杉不是杉 ### 學名 #### *屬名 + 種名* <font color=RED>判斷方式:*斜體字*或++底線++。</font> 1. 屬名:第一個字母要大寫 2. 種名:形容詞 ### 植物 #### 最大問題: + **<font color=RED>保水</font>** + 防止水分流失:角質層、輸導系統、生殖細胞不須水為傳播媒介 #### 常見: 1. 單子葉植物:百合、萱草(金針花)、一葉蘭、鳳梨 2. 雙子葉植物:罌粟 #### 種類: + 苔癬植物 + 蕨類植物 + 裸子植物 + 被子植物 -> <font color=RED>授粉機制:花粉</font> + + 生物媒介: + + 1. 昆蟲 + + 2. 鳥 + + 非動物媒介: + + 1. 水 + + 2. 風 + + <font color=BLUE>媒介多元 -> 花多變</font> #### 年齡: + 年輪 + 剝葉痕:<font color=RED>筆筒樹、大王椰子</font> ## 根 1. 佇藏根 2. 氣生根 3. 支持根 4. 板根 5. 寄生根 6. 水生根 7. 攀緣根 8. 菌根<font color=RED>(真菌)</font> 9. 根瘤<font color=RED>(根瘤菌)</font> 10. 呼吸根 ## 莖 1. 匍匐莖 2. 攀緣莖 3. 纏繞莖 4. 葉狀莖 5. 肉質莖 6. 針葉莖 7. 根莖 8. 鱗莖 ### 醬料與植物 | **醬料** | **植物** | | - | - | | **<font color=RED>芥末</font>** | **<font color=RED>芥菜種子</font>** | | **<font color=RED>哇沙米</font>** | **<font color=RED>山葵根莖</font>** | | 辣根 | 辣根植物 | ## 葉 + 完全葉:葉身 + 葉柄 + 托葉 + 不完全葉:相思樹 + 單葉:只有一片 1. <font color=RED>楓香:三出葉</font> 2. <font color=RED>青剛櫟:羽狀葉</font> 3. <font color=RED>羊蹄甲:掌狀葉</font> + 複葉:單身複葉、三出複葉、掌狀複葉、一回羽狀複葉、二回羽狀複葉 1. <font color=RED>南庄橙:單身複葉</font> 2. <font color=RED>茄冬:三出複葉</font> 3. <font color=RED>黃蓮木:一回羽狀複葉</font> ### 生長方式 1. 互生<font color=RED>(楓香)</font> 2. 對生<font color=RED>(青楓)</font> 3. 輪生 4. 簇生 5. 叢生 6. 覆瓦狀排列 ### 葉脈 + 平行脈<font color=RED>(單子葉植物)</font> 1. 簡單平行 2. 羽狀平行 3. 射出平行 + 網狀脈<font color=RED>(雙子葉植物)</font> 1. 羽狀 2. 掌狀 3. 三出 ## 花 1. 完全花:<font color=RED>雌蕊 + 雄蕊 + 花瓣 + 萼片</font>(兩性花) + 非洲鳳仙花<font color=BLUE>(異花授粉)</font> 2. 不完全花:有分雌雄(單性花) ### 授粉 1. 漂浮法 2. 色誘法 3. 死纏爛打法 4. 自力更生法 5. 自閉法 ## 果實 **1. 單果:** + **裂果** + * <font color=RED>蓇葖果</font>:蘋婆、夏威夷豆 + * <font color=RED>莢果</font>:阿孛勒、孔雀豆、銀合歡 + * <font color=RED>角果</font>: + * <font color=RED>蒴果</font>:榴槤 + **閉果** + * <font color=RED>瘦果</font>: + * <font color=RED>潁果</font>:稻米 + * <font color=RED>翅果</font>:青楓 + * <font color=RED>堅果</font>:青剛櫟 **2. 肉質果:** + <font color=RED>漿果</font>:咖啡、香蕉、奇異果 + <font color=RED>柑果</font>:橘子 + <font color=RED>瓜果</font>:西瓜 + <font color=RED>核果</font>:無患子、水蜜桃 + <font color=RED>仁果</font>:蘋果 **3. 聚合果:** + 釋迦 **4. 多花果:** + 鳳梨、林投 **5. 假毯果:** + 木麻黃 ### 傳播方式 1. 飛翔法<font color=RED>(風力)</font>:黑板樹 2. 漂浮法<font color=RED>(水力)</font>:銀葉樹、水黃皮、棋盤腳、欖仁樹 3. 動物:羊帶來 # 期末考 ## 校園植物 | 植物 | 圖片 | 特性 | | - | - | - | | 樟樹 | ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/SkKGbFfu6.png) | 根、木材、枝、葉均可提煉樟腦、樟腦油。 | | 小葉欖仁樹 | ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/BkOB-YMOT.png) | 葉及果實較欖仁樹小。 | | 欖仁樹 | ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/BydDbFMua.png) | 據說葉子可以入藥,需是自然落下曬乾的葉子,治療肝疾。 | | 桂花 | ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HyqUzFG_a.png) | 盛開時芳香四溢,具有濃郁香味且經久不散。 | | 福木 | ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/SkIvzKz_a.png) | 葉形、葉色似古日本貨幣小判而得名,果實有瓦斯味。 | | 小葉南洋杉 | ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/SyI4MYfOT.png) | 末端枝條密集排列,圓錐形樹冠。葉細長柔軟,尖而不刺手。 | | 印度橡膠樹 | ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/rJRYfFzOp.png) | 乳白色的樹液,含有膠質,可提煉作天然橡膠的原料。 | | 大葉桃花心木 | ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/r1vAfYzO6.png) | 大葉桃花心木長成後枝葉茂密,遮蔭效果好,樹姿碧綠清秀,是優良的庭園樹、行道樹。 | | 肯氏南洋杉 | ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/Sk6uMYGuT.png) | 非常高大,原產自澳洲,由日本人引進。 | | 黃椰子 | ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/SkmsGtM_p.png) | 常被種植為庭院觀賞樹。 | | 印度紫檀 | ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/BJtR-tzOp.png) | 木材剖開會流出汁液,久露空氣中會變成紫紅褐色。 | | 薜荔 | ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/rJDSzYf_6.png) | 桑科榕屬植物,攀緣根,與愛玉子同屬但為不同植物。 | | 掌葉蘋婆 | ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/SJLyMtMua.png) | 果實為蓇葖果,壓扁球形或木魚形。 | | 台灣肖楠 | ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/Hy9mMtz_p.png) | 因其木材呈黃褐色,邊材淡黃褐色,俗稱為「黃肉仔」。 | | 麵包樹 | ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/r15bMtGua.png) | 桑科,果肉可煮食,種子可炒食,其味如麵包,故名麵包樹。 | > 考法:植物圖片、問中文名。 + **此植物中文名?** ![image alt](https://media.discordapp.net/attachments/1153600972015288330/1191663962815746058/IMG_6023.jpg?ex=65a6428c&is=6593cd8c&hm=3328e802ad1d171f6d2310eb00cd81176a314fabbfc9ef1aa86111c138656c8e&=&format=webp&width=503&height=671) 答:麵包樹 ## 擬蕨類植物vs真蕨類植物 1. 松蕨類科:松蕨類。 2. 石松科:石松 3. 卷柏科:萬年松 4. 水韭科:台灣水韭 5. 木賊科:木賊 > 擬蕨類只有五種,其他都是真蕨類。 + **這是下列何種蕨類植物的儲水器?** ![image alt](https://media.discordapp.net/attachments/1153600972015288330/1191663963927236709/IMG_6025.jpg?ex=65a6428d&is=6593cd8d&hm=9b1f2f1c7c32fa153569c65ae17611b3cb6ff04d524ed3088ef15e9219ebdb06&=&format=webp&width=503&height=671) 答:腎蕨 + **魚腥藻常和下列何種蕨類植物共生?** ![image alt](https://media.discordapp.net/attachments/1153600972015288330/1191663964434727042/IMG_6026.jpg?ex=65a6428d&is=6593cd8d&hm=c38150457f45a72415d3ef554df255dac66eece7d67efeaaaf979049a5f467d3&=&format=webp&width=503&height=671) 答:滿江紅 + **下列何種蕨類植物擁有全世界最長的葉子?** ![image alt](https://media.discordapp.net/attachments/1153600972015288330/1191663964963217508/IMG_6027.jpg?ex=65a6428d&is=6593cd8d&hm=1da7b5c3ab977c1adca48a768fc382efc563db350148561511a56ce0b30f0a18&=&format=webp&width=503&height=671) 答:海金沙 ## 苔癬植物 + **此植物(台灣地錢)屬於?** ![image alt](https://media.discordapp.net/attachments/1153600972015288330/1191663965655289897/IMG_6028.jpg?ex=65a6428d&is=6593cd8d&hm=e6a49a479476b73dc298c273ac0ca3e43abb37f17bfcae0f74da1c4cc1a27139&=&format=webp&width=503&height=671) 答:苔類 + **這群植物屬於?** ![image alt](https://media.discordapp.net/attachments/1153600972015288330/1191663966171168828/IMG_6029.jpg?ex=65a6428d&is=6593cd8d&hm=ad8655ee6dc1d4e8093b56296bbc564ef79b744107839aa74c4de7fdc44be15c&=&format=webp&width=503&height=671) 答:蘚類 ## 藻類 + **此魚腥藻屬於?** ![image alt](https://media.discordapp.net/attachments/1153600972015288330/1191663966729019503/IMG_6030.jpg?ex=65a6428d&is=6593cd8d&hm=a84c959eb52767b65359ab1104961fc389cdbe3225d619dedee677b04fa990ac&=&format=webp&width=503&height=671) 答:藍藻 + **北海道名產海燕窩由何種材料製作而成?** ![image alt](https://media.discordapp.net/attachments/1153600972015288330/1191960716085837834/IMG_6031.jpg?ex=65a756ec&is=6594e1ec&hm=3c28097ca923736555eb8f2a125e16f645ac9ee9d189f5915a1aa51d43e66ec2&=&format=webp&width=503&height=671) 答:石花菜(珊瑚草) ## 植物文化 + 植物獵人 - 洪信介 https://www.thenewslens.com/article/107473 + 植物書寫人類文明 - 楊國禎 + 水稻 亞州文明 + 小麥 歐洲文銘 + 玉米 馬雅文明 + 植物不只是植物 - 楊智凱 + 植物更是不可或缺的生活材料 + 食 + 衣 + 住 + 行 + 醫藥 + 宗教信仰 + 生活習俗 + 新台幣鈔票 + 100 梅花 + 200 蘭花 + 300 竹子 + 1000 菊花 + 2000 松 + **向日葵具有何種生理向性?** ![image alt](https://media.discordapp.net/attachments/1153600972015288330/1191960719575502898/IMG_6038.jpg?ex=65a756ed&is=6594e1ed&hm=a1fbc8a528079a5c35958053a73836c0d1559e7a2515f6c9b01a8b1c4664d121&=&format=webp&width=503&height=671) 答:https://www.thenewslens.com/article/46385 + **水中裁切花卉可避免何現象產生?** ![image alt](https://media.discordapp.net/attachments/1153600972015288330/1191960720066228274/IMG_6039.jpg?ex=65a756ed&is=6594e1ed&hm=585f3ae22ec525163308e161ebe594968f14d1ae2dbbfc12788e0ad8a1f4b95b&=&format=webp&width=503&height=671) 答:避免切口接觸空氣,水中的水壓也能將原本花莖內的空氣擠壓出來,有效減少氣泡阻塞花莖管道,提高花材的吸水能力。 ## 台灣植被帶 1. 原生維管束植物共約<font color=RED>4442</font>種 2. 台灣五個植被帶以<font color=RED>垂直氣候-植群帶</font>劃分 3. 恆春半島、蘭嶼、綠島屬於<font color=RED>海島</font>的植物 ## 種 + 原生種 + 特有種 + 外來種 + 栽培種 + 入侵種 --- *筆記更新日期:西元2024年1月3日* :::danger **警告**: 1. 未經允許禁止以除了分享本頁面之外任何方式轉載、列印或下載此筆記。 2. 嚴禁將此筆記作為商業用途或其他有利益之行為。 :::

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