# Group Presentation - Ocean heat record broken, with grim implications for the planet

https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-66387537
total 27 lines
summary and keywords
5-10 min

## Intro
### The original text
The oceans have hit their hottest ever recorded temperature as they soak up warmth from climate change, with dire implications for our planet's health.
The average daily global sea surface temperature beat a 2016 record this week, according to the EU's climate change service Copernicus.
It reached 20.96C (69.73F) - far above the average for this time of year.
Oceans are a vital climate regulator. They soak up heat, produce half Earth's oxygen and drive weather patterns.
Warmer waters have less ability to absorb carbon dioxide, meaning more of that planet-warming gas will stay in the atmosphere. And it can also accelerate the melting of glaciers that flow into the ocean, leading to more sea level rise.
Hotter oceans and heatwaves disturb marine species like fish and whales as they move in search of cooler waters, upsetting the food chain. Experts warn that fish stocks could be affected.
Some predatory animals including sharks can become aggressive as they get confused in hotter temperatures.
"The water feels like a bath when you jump in," says Dr Kathryn Lesneski, who is monitoring a marine heatwave in the Gulf of Mexico for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. "There is widespread coral bleaching at shallow reefs in Florida and many corals have already died."
"We are putting oceans under more stress than we have done at any point in history," says Dr Matt Frost, from the Plymouth Marine Lab in the UK, referring to the fact pollution and overfishing also change the oceans.

### summary
The oceans have hit their hottest ever recorded temperature as they soak up warmth from climate change, with dire implications for our planet's health.
The average daily global sea surface temperature beat a 2016 record this week.
Oceans are a vital climate regulator. They soak up heat, produce half Earth's oxygen and drive weather patterns.
Warmer waters have less ability to absorb carbon dioxide, meaning more of that planet-warming gas will stay in the atmosphere. And it can also accelerate the melting of glaciers that flow into the ocean, leading to more sea level rise.
Hotter oceans and heatwaves disturb marine species like fish and whales as they move in search of cooler waters, upsetting the food chain. Experts warn that fish stocks could be affected.
We are putting oceans under more stress than we have done at any point in history.

### translation
隨著海洋溫度到達新的高點，代表著氣候變遷已經對地球的健康造成嚴重的影響。
在這個禮拜，海洋表面溫度突破了 2016 年的最高紀錄。
海洋對於調節氣候十分重要，他能吸收熱量、影響天氣，並地球上一半的氧氣。
溫度較高的海水能溶的二氧化碳量較少<!-- （亨利定律）-->，這代表隨著海洋溫度上升，會有更多的溫室氣體留在大氣內。這有可能加速冰川融化流入海洋，導致海平面上升。
專家警告魚獲可能會受到影響，因為魚類和鯨魚等生物會前往更為涼爽的水域，進而擾亂食物鏈。
我們給海洋帶來的壓力比歷史上的任何時候都要大。

### vocabulary
dire : 嚴重的
weather patterns : 天氣現象（3-7天左右）
soak up : 吸收
absorb : 吸收
dioxide : 二氧化物
atmosphere : 氣氛/大氣層
accelerate : 加速
glaciers : 冰河

## Ocean Temoeratures highest on record
Scientists are worried about the timing of this broken record.
Dr Samantha Burgess, from the Copernicus Climate Change Service, says March should be when the oceans globally are warmest, not August.
"The fact that we've seen the record now makes me nervous about how much warmer the ocean may get between now and next March," she says.
"It is sobering to see this change happening so quickly," says Prof Mike Burrows, who is monitoring impacts on Scottish sea shores with the Scottish Association for Marine Science.
Scientists are investigating why the oceans are so hot right now but say that climate change is making the seas warmer as they absorb most of the heating from greenhouse gas emissions.
"The more we burn fossil fuels, the more excess heat will be taken out by the oceans, which means the longer it will take to stabilize them and get them back to where they were," explains Dr Burgess.
The new average temperature record beats one set in 2016 when the naturally occurring climate fluctuation El Niño was in full swing and at its most powerful.
El Niño happens when warm water rises to the surface off the west coast of South America, pushing up global temperatures.
Another El Niño has now started but scientists say it is still weak - meaning ocean temperatures are expected to rise further above average in the coming months
### summary
Scientists are worried about the timing of this broken record and are investigating why the oceans are so hot right now.
Climate change is making the seas warmer as they absorb most of the heating from greenhouse gas emissions. For example, the more we burn fossil fuels, the more excess heat will be taken out by the oceans, which means the longer it will take to stabilize them and get them back to where they were.
The new average temperature record beats one set in 2016 when the naturally occurring climate fluctuation El Niño was in full swing and at its most powerful, which can push up the global temperature.
Another El Niño has now started but scientists say it is still weak - meaning ocean temperatures are expected to rise further above average in the coming months
### translation
這個暖化破紀錄的時間點令科學家擔憂並且開始著手調查海洋溫度上升的原因。由於海洋不斷吸收由溫室氣體排出的熱量，使海洋溫度不斷上升，舉個例子，在人類使用化石燃料的同時，就會排出更多的廢熱使其被排至海洋裡，所以當我們使用化石燃料的頻率越高，就會使生態越難以恢復平衡。
最新的平均溫度的最高紀錄在2016年的聖嬰現象發生，他的強度甚至能使全球的氣溫上升。於此同時，現在也有另一個聖嬰現象正在發生，但科學家認為它還在虛弱的階段，也就是說，在未來的幾個月中，海洋溫度有可能會持續上升。
### vocabulary
investigate: 調查
climate: 氣候
greenhouse gas:溫室氣體
emissions: 排放
stabilize:穩定、平衡
average: 平均
fluctuation:波動
El Niño: 聖嬰現象
## Marine heatwaves broke the temperature record
The broken temperature record follows a series of marine heatwaves this year including in the UK, the North Atlantic, the Mediterranean and the Gulf of Mexico.
"The marine heatwaves that we're seeing are happening in unusual locations where we haven't expected them," says Prof Burgess.
In June, temperatures in UK waters were 3C to 5C higher than average, according to the Met Office and the European Space Agency.
In Florida, sea surface temperatures hit 38.44C (101F) last week - comparable to a hot tub.
Normally temperatures should be between 23C and 31C, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
Marine heatwaves doubled in frequency between 1982 and 2016, and have become more intense and longer since the 1980s, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
While air temperatures have seen some dramatic increases in recent years, the oceans take longer to heat up, even though they have absorbed 90% of the Earth's warming from greenhouse gas emissions.
But there are signs now that ocean temperatures may be catching up. One theory is a lot of the heat has been stored in ocean depths, which is now coming to the surface, possibly linked to El Niño, says Dr Karina von Schuckmann at Mercator Ocean International.
While scientists have known that the sea surface would continue to warm up because of greenhouse gas emissions, they are still investigating exactly why temperatures have surged so far above previous years.

### summary
The broken temperature record follows a series of marine heatwaves this year including in the UK, the North Atlantic, the Mediterranean and the Gulf of Mexico.
In June, temperatures in UK waters were 3C to 5C higher than average, and also in Florida, sea surface temperatures hit 38.44C.
But in fact, temperatures should be between 23C and 31C.
Marine heatwaves have become more intense and longer since the 1980s,While air temperatures have seen some dramatic increases in recent years.
But there are signs now that ocean temperatures may be catching up. One theory is a lot of the heat has been stored in ocean depths, which is now coming to the surface, possibly linked to El Niño, says Dr Karina von Schuckmann at Mercator Ocean International.
While scientists have known that the sea surface would continue to warm up because of greenhouse gas emissions, they are still investigating exactly why temperatures have surged so far above previous years.

### translation
在一系列的熱浪衝擊下，英國、北大西洋、地中海和墨西哥灣都打破了溫度記錄。
來自 Mercator Ocean International 的 Karina von Schuckmann 博士表示：
「六月時，英國海域的溫度比平均值高出 3 到 5 度（攝氏）；在佛羅里達，海洋表面溫度達到 38.44度。
但海洋溫度的正常值應該在 23 到 31 度之間。
從1980年代開始，海洋熱浪變得更強也更持久，而且氣溫也在最近幾年劇增。
但有跡象顯示，海洋溫度有趕上氣溫的趨勢。有一個理論能說明這種情形，就是大量的熱量被積聚在海底，現在熱量移動到水面，這可能與聖嬰現象有關。」
儘管科學家們知道溫室氣體排放會造成海面溫度將繼續上升，但他們仍在調查溫度上升幅度大幅超過以往年份的確切原因。

### vocabulary
heatwaves: a prolonged period of hot weather. 熱浪
catch up : 趕上