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    # Taking Apart and Taking Over ICS & SCADA Ecosystems: A Case Study of Mitsubishi Electric - Mars Cheng, Selmon Yang {%hackmd @HITCON/rkYm1whdY %} > 從這開始 ###### tags: `HITCON2021`,`HITCON` :::info [TOC] ::: ## Modern ICS/SCADA Ecosystems Overview 工控不能只做攻擊,也要減緩風險及保護它 ### 三菱(Mitsubishi) - 對於工控,三菱的設備占全世界一成,在亞洲就是 TOP1 - 自動化全球第二,第一名是西門子 ### Ecosystem Scope 大部份的市占都會用西門子設備的共同協定,但今天要討論的是三菱的私有通訊協定,目前沒有相關研究。 * 三菱設備的共通點:共通通訊協定 目前的漏洞研究都在軟體層級,沒有涉及通訊協定 到底三菱的通訊協定,到底安不安全呢? ### ICS/SCADA 通訊協定 - Modbus 可能就 Modbus + 自行需求的通訊協定。 西門子就很直接,從頭到尾就是 S7/S7+ 的通訊協定。 那麼三菱呢?三菱就有分很多區段,像說 MELSEC-SLMP、Modbus/TCP、EtherNET/IP… 但前端在 EWS 之前,有私有的 MELSOFT 通訊協定 跟 PLC 有 CC-LINK~ 那麼相關於其他的通訊協定如何呢? ## Dissect & Compromise 那麼我們有沒有機會可以做 Melsoft 的攻擊呢? 目前我們的手法是逆向反解此次的實作。 #### Melsoft Authentication EWS --- PLC <通訊界接> 用逆向去繞過以取得存取授權 #### GxWork Challenge Code: - 有身份驗證,但不嚴謹 在實作上,可以做假的工程工作站可以取得授權做操弄認證機制 - 程式沒有加密 或是弱加密 (如base64) 或混淆,可讀性高 - 逆完整個過程約 2-3 個月 (版次差異、程式寫法很糟糕) ### 不要只做逆向 + 一併去做網路分析 = TAKE IT! 使用 Wireshark 去看封包內容。 身份驗證 = checksum 簡單檢核,對攻擊者來說太容易了。 ### Overwriting the PlC Program MELSOFT Request (竄改,覆寫入工控記憶體) Fake EWS <---> PLC 如,發電機的PLC 在運作的時候,攻擊者對於某個點位去做置換,那麼~ 就會導致真實的發電機的流程或執行異常,甚至損失 - 透過 Wireshark 去觀察,但你會發現有些區段無法識別,因為這是逆向回去的結果。 - 然後竄改 MELSOFT Request,覆寫入工控記憶體,透過擷取權限,Error Code = 0x0000 ,就代表取得權限了! - 之後想要對工控做什麼就能做什麼啦 =v=+++ - 一次就能控制【相同型號】的上百上千的工控設備。 - 但由於要寫入的內容檔案很大,所以在寫入的時候需要分批寫入。 - 一切都沒有被防護機制擋住,因為這些行為無法被防毒或是防禦機制所識別。 #### DEMO - 工控風扇 MELSOFT Series ## 通訊協定的應用 ### CPU 模組 ### 網路模組 #### MITRE ATT&CK Matrix 相應的通訊協定風險都很高。 ## 漏洞回報給三菱 基本上跟三菱的來回很頻繁。 基本上漏洞的機制,三菱認為是功能:以防止其他非三菱的設備連結,但~我們一再提醒很重要跟相關的風險威脅… 三菱認為這此為功能而非漏洞。 (重覆來來回回很多次,直到給PoC影片之後才有正視這個問題) 但鬼打牆的是說,他們認為通訊協定是 SLMP 有問題而非 MELSOFT 協定… (重覆提供相關實作及影響) 已通知三菱說會分享漏洞;三菱說:OK!去講!但不能說這個是三菱產品的漏洞! //蛤? 而且也不修!我就不改!!!!! 但這裡很可怕的是!這些工控廠商,都沒有意識到這樣弱點帶來的影響; 我們家的油、水、電、關鑑基礎設施的廠商,可能都沒有這樣的意識, 這其實是很嚴重的。 所以我們才想要讓廠商知道有這樣的問題。 期望廠商會有更棒的資安意識跟防禦機制。 --- ## Q & A 1.廠商是有能量可以修復的嗎? 當然!但要修的東西不只是軟體,而是還有硬體的驗證規格也要調整。 硬體或韌體是有機會修正的;但會卡在硬體或韌體漏洞更新的難度,可能需要長時間的維護。 4.如果有人想要買 PLC ,需要準備多少預算? 便宜數十萬,貴的數百萬;看你的規格,工控是真的高單價,功能越多,單價也會越高。 5.在回報時,能不能分享廠商不願意更新的原因? 對於資安的意識不夠,不是消極,而是需要生態系或是通訊協定整個架構上的大調整。 可能是原因。 6.請問對於類似 GxWork 這種非常大的程式,甚至no symbol,也無可參考的第三方source code, 通常就講者的經驗,會用什麼方式去切入?以GxWork為例,逆向時遇到主要的瓶頸是什麼,以及最終克服的思路? 另外請問slide及plug-in會公開嗎?謝謝 花時間! 把所有通訊協定給硬幹出來的! 會公開! 7.三菱有自己的圖控軟體嗎? 會後分享。 ## Story ## Mitigation & Closing Remarks <!---大家加油 Mars的語速很可怕--->

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