GDSC NYUST
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    # NYUST GDSC 0423 雲端運算讀書會共筆 :::info 簽到處: FKT、Eddie、Weber、CLD(Clooooode)、、、、、 ::: --- ## AWS 相關介紹 證照種類 由簡單到難 Foundational Associate Profensional Specialty ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/ryp9DzrbA.png) 學習路線 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/Bk6sDfHW0.png) --- ## CH 1 ### Client - Server Architecture 一個讓使用者(客戶端 Client Side) 向 伺服器(伺服端 Server Side) 提出 **請求** 的模型架構 在 AWS 中 Elastic Compute Cloud(EC2) 就是一種 **虛擬伺服器**,提供 **企業/開發者** 虛擬伺服器環境,提供服務給予客戶做使用 ### 雲端部屬模式 - 雲端部屬 - 在雲端運行完整的應用程式 - 在這之中可以選擇將原有的應用程式搬上雲端,也可以用雲端服務商所提供的平台解決方案來打造你的應用程式 - (內部部屬)地端部屬 - 自架 - (內外混和)混和部屬 - 混合雲就是他 - 如果你有一些法規或是企業政策需要將資料留在地端,很適合你 - 整合雲端資源到低端基礎建設 ### 雲端優勢 - 固定成本 轉成 變動成本 - 沒有維運費用 - 不需猜測容量與費用 - 大量購買後的規模經濟反轉給雲端使用者 - 高速與敏捷 - 全球通用 --- ## CH 2 ### AWS EC2 簡介 #### 問題集 1. 一個EC2執行個體就是一個虛擬主機嗎 - Re: 可以這麼理解沒有錯 [name=FKT] 2. 儲存最佳化執行個體中提到的每秒輸入/輸出操作 (IOPS)是甚麼意思,他的解釋看不太懂 - Re: 我看起來是字面上的意思 簡單來說就是像是流量,不過呢你可以站在 Server 的角度思考,我有很多的用戶那自然 IOPS 就會高喔,那儲存的 IOPS 就是變成儲存空間(如磁碟)的讀寫速度 [name=FKT] 3. 您指定多個 EC2 執行個體在一個區域中執行特定作業系統、執行個體系列和大小及租用時,哪個 Amazon EC2 定價選項可提供折扣? - Re: 這個聽起來像是自訂,通常是固定時間才能折扣[name=FKT] 4. 應用程式是由多個元件組成。元件之間相互通訊,以便傳輸資料、滿足請求,並保持應用程式執行。 假設您有具備緊耦合元件的應用程式。這些元件可能包括資料庫、伺服器、使用者介面、商業邏輯等。您可以將這種類型的架構視為單體式應用程式。 (這句話代確認總而言之應用程式是指甚麼) - Re: 單後端與多後端的差別[name=FKT] 6. AWS Lambda 和AWS Fargate可以理解成一個專為程式,一個專為容器嗎 - Re: 不是 可能多讀官方是解釋可能比我解釋的清楚 [name=FKT] PS: 提問題也可用 name #### 解決問題 - 傳統地端買設費的前期大量固定成本 - 等待實體機器的交付時間成本 - 安裝與維護成本 #### 優勢 - 快速啟動 - 隨時想停止使用 隨時操作,減少費用支出 - 依照運算執行時間計費,非停止與中止時間付費 - 依照所需付費 #### EC2 運作三步驟 1. 啟動 2. 連接 3. 使用 ### EC2 執行個體類型(Instance) - 一般用途 Instance - 平衡用途 - 沒有特殊需求可以用她 - 運算最佳化 Instance - 適合高效率追求使用 - 需要強 CPU 的可以用她 - 記憶體最佳化 Instance - 處理大量資料輸出入使用 - 大結構與即時處理可以用她 - 加速運算 Instance - 在運算上需要升級的 - GPU 運算 圖形運算 遊戲 影音串流等 - 儲存最佳化 Instance - 在讀寫上有優勢 - 大量序列化與交易使用 ### EC2 定價 - 隨需隨用 - 預留 Instance - 類型 1. 標準預留 2. 可轉換預留 - 年期 1. 1 年 2. 3 年 - 標準預留執行個體(Standar Reversed Instance) - 簡單來說就是自訂方案 - 須給 - OS - 類型與大小 - 租用方案 - 可轉換預留 - 可以在不同 Zone Migrate - 在預留 Instance **終止** 之前都不會中斷,但是需要付錢 - 省錢方案 - 算是簽約 - Spot Instance - 適用需要彈性啟動且可接受中斷的案例 - 省錢的方案 - 專用主機 - 專門給你使用的 Server 最貴桑桑 ### 擴展 EC2 前言: 在維運方面,可擴展性的概念是在服務端很重要的因子,有高可用性或是擴展性都可以幫助你面對不同需求的情境進行轉換,不會被受到太多限制,在 AWS 雲端服務提供商有為 EC2 提供專用的擴展功能 Auto Scaling #### EC2 Auto Scaling 是一種可以去預設服務流量的大小,對於 EC2 所需要的運算設備進行有效調整的方案。 這樣在面對流量的管控很有幫助 ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/Hkjyb7rWR.png) 使用者可以去設定 Auto Scaling 群組的 EC2 執行個體的下限來去保證服務的品質,這樣一來有彈性的擴展就能幫助企業找到最佳方案。 ### Elastic Load Balancing Elastic Load Balancing 是多資源自動分配流量的 AWS 服務。 Elastic Load Balancing 會作為服務的流量對外/對內窗口,流量會先集中到 Balancer 中再由 Balancer 去分配流量到合適的機器中,這樣壓力就會被分散達到好的服務品質 低需求 配置少量 Instance 並分配流量到這些 Instance ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/HkTFGmrbA.png) 高需求 配置大量 Instance 並且分配流量到這些 Instance ![image](https://hackmd.io/_uploads/SJ4cfQrbR.png) ### Mesaage and Queue 訊息與佇列 #### Monolithm VS Microservies (單體式架構 VS 微服務架構) - 單體式架構 - 一個服務單元包山包海 - 緊密的耦合元件適合單體式 - 單一元件壞掉整台服務壞掉 - 微服務 - 將不同服務切分成不同元件 - 鬆散耦合 - 單一元件壞掉只會影響該元件相關服務 #### 前言 那... 我們了解了 Microservices 那 Microservices 有許多的元件在整個系統當中,那請問他應該要怎麼去讓元件之間互相溝通呢? ㄟ黑 AWS 想要賺錢當然也提供了解決方案,那就是 Simple Notification Server (SNS) 他是一種發布/訂閱服務,可以透過訂閱主題來將服務發佈到訂閱者上,這樣服務之間就可以以這種方式進行溝通 那微服務元件呢,是用 Simple Queue Service(SQS),則是可以幫助軟體之間進行傳輸,效果類似 SNS 但是 SQS 是幫助軟體元件 SNS 是幫助服務

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